Abbasid Caliphate

Abbasid Caliphate

historical country

Year dem found am	750
Native label	الدولة العبَّاسيَّة
Family	Abbasids
Religion anaa worldview	Islam
Participant insyd	Siege of Baghdad (1136)
Dem name after	Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Found by	As-Saffah
Position held by head of the organization	Abbasid caliph
Official language	Arabic
Culture	Islamic culture, culture of Iran
Continent	Asia
Capital	Samarra, Hashimiyya, Baghdad, Baghdad, Cairo
Coordinate location	33°18′55″N 44°21′58″E
Government ein basic form	islamic theocracy
Office held by head of state	Abbasid caliph
State ein head	As-Saffah
Currency	gold dinar, Dirham
Dey follow	Umayyad Caliphate
Followed by	Ilkhanate, Fatimid Caliphate, Tulunid Emirate
Replaced by	Mamluk Sultanate, Ottoman Empire, Fatimid Caliphate
Language dem use	Arabic, Farsi
Date dem dissolve, abolish anaa demolish	10 February 1258
Main regulatory text	Qur'an, Sunnah, sharia

De Abbasid Caliphate anaa Abbasid Empire be de third Islamic caliphate, wey de Abbasid dynasty rule. De dynasty be descended from Muhammad ein uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (d. 653), after whom e be named. De Abbasids rise to power insyd 750, wen de Abbasid Revolution overthrow de preceding Umayyad Caliphate, wey dem rule as caliphs from dema metropole insyd Iraq til 1258, plus Baghdad as dema capital for most of dema history.

De Abbasid Revolution get ein origins den first successes insyd de easterly region of Khurasan, far from de Levantine center of Umayyad influence. De Abbasids first center dema government insyd Kufa, Iraq, buh insyd 762 de second caliph al-Mansur found de city of Baghdad wey he make am de capital. Baghdad cam be a center of science, culture, arts, den invention, wey dey usher insyd wat cam be known as de Golden Age of Islam. E host several key academic institutions, such as de House of Wisdom, as well as a multi-ethnic den multi-religious population, wich make de city famous as a centre of learning across de world. De Abbasid period be marked by de use of bureaucrats insyd government, wey dey include de vizier, as well as a growing inclusion of non-Arab Muslims insyd de ummah (Muslim community) den among de political elites.

De height of Abbasid power den prestige traditionally be associated plus de reign of Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809). After ein death, a civil war bring new divisions wey be followed by significant changes to de character of de state, wey dey include de creation of a new professional army dem recruit mainly from Turkic slaves den de construction of a new capital, Samarra, insyd 836. De 9th century sanso see chaw provinces wey cam be increasingly autonomous, wey dey give rise to local dynasties wey control different regions of de empire, such as de Aghlabids, Tahirids, Samanids, Saffarids, den Tulunids. After a period of turmoil insyd de 860s, de caliphate regain sam stability wey ein seat return to Baghdad insyd 892.

During de 10th century, dem reduce de caliphs to mere figureheads, wey real political den military power dey rest insyd de hands of de Iranian Buyids den de Seljuq Turks, wey take control of Baghdad insyd 945 den 1055, respectively. De Abbasids eventually regain control of Iraq during de reign of Caliph al-Muqtafi (r. 1136–1160) wey extend dema rule into Iran during de reign of Caliph al-Nasir (r. 1180–1225). Dis revival end insyd 1258 plus de sack of Baghdad by de Mongols under Hulagu Khan den de execution of Caliph al-Musta'sim, wich mark de effective end of de Abbasid Caliphate. Na dem formally reinstate a surviving branch of de Abbasid dynasty insyd 1261 by Mamluk sultans insyd Cairo, buh e lack any political power. De dynasty continue to claim symbolic authority til de Ottoman conquest of Egypt insyd 1517, de last Abbasid caliph be al-Mutawakkil III.

External links

• "Abbasid Caliphs" (streaming RealAudio), In Our Time, UK: BBC Radio 4, 2 February 2006.
• "Abbasid Caliphate", Encyclopaedia Iranica (entry), archived from the original on 16 April 2019, retrieved 15 June 2007.