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Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah

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Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah
human
Part ofcompanions of the Prophet, Hadith of the ten promised paradise Edit
Ein sex anaa gendermale Edit
Ein country of citizenshipRashidun Caliphate Edit
Name in native languageأبو عبيدة بن الجراح Edit
Name wey dem give amAmir Edit
Ein date of birth583 Edit
Place dem born amMecca Edit
Date wey edie639 Edit
Place wey edieEmmaus Nicopolis Edit
Manner of deathnatural causes Edit
Cause of deathplague Edit
Place wey dem bury ammausoleum of Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah Edit
Native languageArabic Edit
Languages edey speak, rep anaa signArabic Edit
Ein occupationpolitician, military leader Edit
Religion anaa worldviewIslam Edit
Participated in conflictBattle of Badr, Battle of Yarmouk, Siege of Jerusalem, Battle of Uhud Edit

ʿĀmir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Jarrāḥ (Arabic: عامر بن عبدالله بن الجراح‎; 583–639), dem better know as Abū ʿUbayda (Arabic: أبو عبيدة‎) be a Muslim commander den one of de Companions of the Prophet. He mostly be known for he be one of de ten to whom dem promise Paradise. He be commander of a large section of de Rashidun Army during de time of de second Rashidun Caliph Umar wey he be on de list of Umar ein appointed successors to de Caliphate, buh he die during de Plague of Amwas insyd 639, five years before Umar ein death.

Ancestry den early life

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Abu Ubayda belong to de al-Harith ibn Fihr clan, dem sanso call de Balharith, of de Quraysh tribe. Dem settle de clan insyd de lower quarter of Mecca, a town insyd de Hejaz (western Arabia) den home of de Quraysh. During de pre-Islamic period (pre-620s), de Balharith be allied to de Banu Abd Manaf (de ancestral clan of de Islamic prophet Muhammad) insyd de Mutayyabun faction, against de oda Qurayshite clans wey de Banu Abd al-Dar head.[1] Abu Ubayda ein poppie Abd Allah be among de chiefs of de Quraysh insyd de Fijar War against de Hawazin nomads insyd de late 6th century. Ein mommie sanso be a Qurayshite.[2]

Dem born Abu Ubayda around 583.[3] Before embracing Islam, he be considered to be one of de nobles of de Quraysh wey he get a reputation among ein tribesmen for modesty den bravery.

Befriending Muhammad

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By 611, Muhammad dey preach de oneness of God to de people of Mecca. He begin by inviting ein closest companions den relatives in private to de way of Islam. Abu Ubayda embrace Islam a day after Abu Bakr insyd de year 611 at de age of 28.

Abu Ubayda live thru de harsh experience wey de Muslims go thru insyd Mecca. Plus oda early Muslims, he endure de insults den de oppression of de Quraysh.

Insyd 623, wen Muhammad migrate from Mecca to Medina, Abu Ubayda join de migration. Wen Muhammad arrive insyd Medina, he pair off each immigrant (Muhajir) plus one of de Muslim residents of Medina (Ansari), wey he join Muhammad ibn Maslamah plus Abu Ubayda, thus dey make dem bros in faith.

Military career under Muhammad

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Insyd 624, Abu Ubayda participate insyd de first major battle between de Muslims den de Quraysh of Mecca, at de Battle of Badr. Insyd dis battle, he fight ein own poppie Abdullah ibn al-Jarrah, wey dey fight alongside de army of Quraysh. Abdullah ibn al Jarrah attack ein son plus ein sword wey Ubaydah kill am.

Role insyd de succession of Abu Bakr

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Wen Muhammad die insyd 632 Abu Ubayda dey insyd Mecca. De Muslim leaders dey in disagreement over who go succeed am as leader of dema nascent community. On de same day of de Islamic prophet ein death, de Ansar convene insyd a controversial meeting wey cam be known as de Saqifa. Dem choose one of dema own as caliph. Dema principal aim be to prevent a Meccan, especially de new converts among de Qurayshi aristocracy, from gaining power over dem.[4]

Death

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Abu Ubayda die of de plague insyd 639 wey he lef no descendants.[5]

References

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  1. ↑ Athamina, Khalil (2007). "Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ". In Kate Fleet; Gudrun Krämer; Denis Matringe; John Nawas; Everett Rowson (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam Three. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_SIM_0036.
  2. ↑ Tehrani, Hamid (2015). "Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ". In Wilferd Madelung, Farhad Daftary (ed.). Encyclopaedia Islamica. doi:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_SIM_0229.
  3. ↑ Gibb 1960, p. 158.
  4. ↑ Shoufani 1973, pp. 51–52, 54.
  5. ↑ Gibb 1960, p. 159.
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