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Actinic keratosis

From Wikipedia
actinic keratosis
type of disease
Subclass ofpre-malignant neoplasm, photoaging Edit
Health specialtydermatology Edit
ICD-9-CM702.0, 702.19 Edit

Actinic keratosis (AK), dem sam times call solar keratosis anaa senile keratosis,[1][2] be a pre-cancerous[3] area of thick, scaly, anaa crusty skin.[4][5] Actinic keratosis be a disorder (-osis) of epidermal keratinocytes wey be induced by ultraviolet (UV) light exposure (actin-).[6]

Dese growths be more common insyd fair-skinned people den those wey frequently dey insyd de sun. Dem be believed to form wen skin get damaged by UV radiation from de sun anaa indoor tanning beds, usually over de course of decades. Given dema pre-cancerous nature, if dem lef untreated, dem fi turn into a type of skin cancer dem call squamous cell carcinoma.[5] Untreated lesions get up to a 20% risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma,[7] so treatment by a dermatologist be recommended.

Actinic keratoses characteristically dey appear as thick, scaly, anaa crusty areas wey often feel dry anaa rough. Size commonly dey range between 2 den 6 millimeters, buh dem fi grow to be several centimeters in diameter. Actinic keratoses often be felt before dem be seen, den de texture sam times be compared to sandpaper.[8] Dem fi be dark, light, tan, pink, red, a combination of all dese, anaa dem get de same color as de surrounding skin.

Given de causal relationship between sun exposure den actinic keratosis growth, dem often dey appear on a background of sun-damaged skin den insyd areas wey commonly be sun-exposed, such as de face, ears, neck, scalp, chest, backs of hands, forearms, anaa lips. Secof sun exposure be rarely limited to a small area, chaw people wey get an actinic keratosis get more dan one.[9]

If clinical examination findings no be typical of actinic keratosis den de possibility of in situ anaa invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) no fi be excluded based on clinical examination alone, a biopsy anaa excision fi be considered for definitive diagnosis by histologic examination of de lesional tissue.[10] Multiple treatment options give actinic keratosis be available. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) be one option for de treatment of numerous actinic keratosis lesions insyd a region of de skin, dem term field cancerization.[11] E dey involve de application of a photosensitizer to de skin followed by illumination plus a strong light source. Topical creams, such as 5-fluorouracil anaa imiquimod, fi require daily application to affected skin areas over a typical time course of weeks.[12]

Cryotherapy frequently be used give few den well-defined lesions,[13] buh undesired skin lightening, anaa hypopigmentation, fi occur at de treatment site.[14] By following up plus a dermatologist, actinic keratoses fi be treated before dem dey progress to skin cancer. If cancer develop from an actinic keratosis lesion, e fi be caught early plus close monitoring, at a time wen treatment be likely to have a high cure rate.

References

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  1. ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. Chapter 108. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
  2. ↑ Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations. J. B. Lippincott and Company. p. 512. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.
  3. ↑ Prajapati V, Barankin B (May 2008). "Dermacase. Actinic keratosis". Canadian Family Physician. 54 (5): 691, 699. PMC 2377206. PMID 18474700.
  4. ↑ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
  5. 1 2 Quaedvlieg PJ, Tirsi E, Thissen MR, Krekels GA (2006). "Actinic keratosis: how to differentiate the good from the bad ones?". European Journal of Dermatology. 16 (4): 335–9. PMID 16935787.
  6. ↑ Kang, Sewon (2019). Fitzpatrick's dermatology. Fitzpatrick, Thomas B. (Thomas Bernard), 1919-2003., Kang, Sewon (Ninth ed.). New York: WorldCat. ISBN 978-0-07-183778-1. OCLC 1055569130.
  7. ↑ Weedon, David (2010). Weedon's Skin Pathology (3rd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7020-3485-5.
  8. ↑ Moy RL (January 2000). "Clinical presentation of actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 42 (1 Pt 2): 8–10. doi:10.1067/mjd.2000.103343. PMID 10607350.
  9. ↑ Stockfleth E, Kerl H (Nov–Dec 2006). "Guidelines for the management of actinic keratoses". European Journal of Dermatology. 16 (6): 599–606. PMID 17229598.
  10. ↑ "Actinic keratosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice". bestpractice.bmj.com. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  11. ↑ Werner RN, Stockfleth E, Connolly SM, Correia O, Erdmann R, Foley P, Gupta AK, Jacobs A, Kerl H, Lim HW, Martin G, Paquet M, Pariser DM, Rosumeck S, Röwert-Huber HJ, Sahota A, Sangueza OP, Shumack S, Sporbeck B, Swanson NA, Torezan L, Nast A (November 2015). "Evidence- and consensus-based (S3) Guidelines for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis - International League of Dermatological Societies in cooperation with the European Dermatology Forum - Short version". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 29 (11): 2069–79. doi:10.1111/jdv.13180. PMID 26370093.
  12. ↑ Szeimies RM, Torezan L, Niwa A, Valente N, Unger P, Kohl E, Schreml S, Babilas P, Karrer S, Festa-Neto C (July 2012). "Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment of human skin field cancerization before and after photodynamic therapy". The British Journal of Dermatology. 167 (1): 150–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10887.x. PMID 22329784.
  13. ↑ Ibrahim SF, Brown MD (July 2009). "Actinic keratoses: a comprehensive update". The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 2 (7): 43–8. PMC 2924136. PMID 20729970.
  14. ↑ Thai KE, Fergin P, Freeman M, Vinciullo C, Francis D, Spelman L, Murrell D, Anderson C, Weightman W, Reid C, Watson A, Foley P (September 2004). "A prospective study of the use of cryosurgery for the treatment of actinic keratoses". International Journal of Dermatology. 43 (9): 687–92. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02056.x. PMID 15357755.
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