Addison's disease
| Dem name after | Thomas Addison  |
|---|---|
| Health specialty | endocrinology |
| Symptoms and signs | fatigue, anorexia, muscle weakness, weight loss, abdominal pain |
| Drug or therapy used for treatment | dexamethasone, fludrocortisone, fludrocortisone |
| External data available at URL | http://www.nanbyou.or.jp/entry/44 |
| ICD-9-CM | 255.41 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C26689 |
Addison's disease, dem sanso know as primary adrenal insufficiency,[1] be a rare long-term endocrine disorder wey be characterized by inadequate production of de steroid hormones cortisol den aldosterone by de two outer layers of de cells of de adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), wey dey cause adrenal insufficiency.[2][3] Symptoms generally dey develop slowly den insidiously wey fi include abdominal pain den gastrointestinal abnormalities, weakness, den weight loss.[4] Darkening of de skin insyd certain areas sanso fi occur.[4] Under certain circumstances, an adrenal crisis fi occur plus low blood pressure, vomiting, lower back pain, den loss of consciousness.[4] Mood changes sanso fi occur. Rapid onset of symptoms dey indicate acute adrenal failure, wich be a clinical emergency.[2] An adrenal crisis fi be triggered by stress, such as from an injury, surgery, anaa infection.[4]
Addison's disease dey arise wen de adrenal gland no dey produce sufficient amounts of de steroid hormones cortisol den (sam times) aldosterone.[4] E be an autoimmune disease wich dey affect sam genetically predisposed people insyd whom na de body ein own immune system start to target de adrenal glands.[5] Insyd chaw adult cases e be unclear wat na trigger de onset of dis disease, though e sam times dey follow tuberculosis.[5] Causes fi include certain medications, sepsis, den bleeding into both adrenal glands.[4][6] Addison's disease generally be diagnosed by blood tests, urine tests, den medical imaging.[4]
Treatment dey involve replacing de absent anaa low hormones.[4] Dis dey involve taking a synthetic corticosteroid, such as hydrocortisone anaa fludrocortisone.[4][7] Dem typically dey take dese medications orally.[4] Lifelong, continuous steroid replacement therapy be required, plus regular follow-up treatment den monitoring for oda health problems wich fi occur.[8] A high-salt diet sanso be useful insyd sam people.[4] If symptoms worsen, an injection of corticosteroid be recommended (people dey hia make dem carry a dose plus dem at all times).[4] Often, large amounts of intravenous fluids plus de sugar dextrose sanso be required.[4] Plus appropriate treatment, de overall outcome generally be favorable,[9] wey chaw people be able to lead a reasonably normal life.[10] Widout treatment, an adrenal crisis fi result in death.[4]
Addison's disease dey affect about 9 to 14 per 100,000 people insyd de developed world.[4][11] E dey occur most frequently insyd middle-aged females.[4] Dem name de disease after Thomas Addison, a graduate of de University of Edinburgh Medical School, wey first describe de condition insyd 1855.[12][13]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Oelkers W (2000). "Clinical diagnosis of hyper- and hypocortisolism". Noise & Health. 2 (7): 39–48. PMID 12689470.
- 1 2 "Addison's Disease". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders) (in American English). Archived from the original on 2022-06-15. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
- ↑ Kuo B, Koransky A, Vaz Wicks CL (2023-03-01). "Adrenal Crisis as An Adverse Reaction to Zoledronic Acid in a Patient With Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Case Report and Literature Review". AACE Clinical Case Reports. 9 (2): 32–34. doi:10.1016/j.aace.2022.12.003. PMC 10086596. PMID 37056413.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. May 2014. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- 1 2 Hellesen A, Bratland E (January 2019). "The potential role for infections in the pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison's disease". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 195 (1): 52–63. doi:10.1111/cei.13207. PMC 6300649. PMID 30144040.
- ↑ Adam A (2014). Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology (6 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1031. ISBN 978-0-7020-6128-8. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016.
- ↑ Napier C, Pearce SH (June 2014). "Current and emerging therapies for Addison's disease". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity. 21 (3). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.: 147–153. doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000067. PMID 24755997. S2CID 13732181. Archived from the original on 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
- ↑ Napier C, Pearce SH (December 2012). "Autoimmune Addison's disease". Presse Médicale. 41 (12 P 2). Elsevier: e626 – e635. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2012.09.010. PMID 23177474.
- ↑ Rose NR, Mackay IR (2014). The autoimmune diseases (5 ed.). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Science. p. 605. ISBN 978-0-12-384930-4. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016.
- ↑ "Addison's disease – Treatment". NHS Choices. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
- ↑ Brandão Neto RA, de Carvalho JF (2014). "Diagnosis and classification of Addison's disease (autoimmune adrenalitis)". Autoimmunity Reviews. 13 (4–5): 408–411. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.025. PMID 24424183.
- ↑ Ten S, New M, Maclaren N (July 2001). "Clinical review 130: Addison's disease 2001". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 86 (7): 2909–2922. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.7.7636. PMID 11443143.
- ↑ Rose NR, Mackay IR (2014). The autoimmune diseases (5 ed.). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Science. p. 605. ISBN 978-0-12-384930-4. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016.
External links
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