Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans

Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans

ethnic group, ethnic community

Subclass of	Afro Caribbeans
Religion anaa worldview	Christianity, Rastafari
Country	Antigua and Barbuda
Language dem use	English, Antiguan and Barbudan Creole
Diaspora	African diaspora

Afro–Antiguans den Barbudans be Antiguans den Barbudans wey dema ancestry be entirely anaa mostly African (especially West African).

According to de 2011 census, 87% of Antigua den Barbuda dema population be Black den 4.4% be Mulatto.

Origins

Na dem bring chaw of de enslaved Africans to Antigua and Barbuda disembark from de Bight of Biafra (22,000 Africans) den de Gold Coast (16,000 Africans). Na oda African slaves cam from de Windward Coast (11,000 Africans), de West Central Africa (9,000 Africans), de Bight of Benin (6,000 Africans), Senegambia (5,000 Africans), Guinea den Sierra Leone (4,000 Africans).

History

Settlers raise tobacco, indigo, ginger, den sugarcane as cash crops. Sir Christopher Codrington establish de first big sugar estate for Antigua for 1674, den lease Barbuda fi raise provisions for dema plantations. For de fifty years after Codrington establish ein initial plantation, de sugar industry become so profitable say plenty farmers replace other crops plus sugar, wey make am de economic backbone of de islands. Codrington den others bring slaves from Africa ein western coast fi work de plantations. Africans start dey arrive for Antigua den Barbuda for big numbers during de 1670s; dem soon become de largest racial group of Antigua den Barbuda.

Plus all others for de British Empire, Antiguan den Barbudan slaves get emancipation for 1834, but dem remain economically dependent upon de plantation owners. Economic opportunities for de new freedmen be limited by lack of surplus farming land, no access to credit, den economy wey build on agriculture rather than manufacturing. Poor labour conditions persist until 1939, when member of royal commission urge de formation of trade union movement.

For de 20th-century dem redefine de role of Afro–Antiguans den Barbudans. De colonial social structure gradually start dey phase out plus de introduction of universal education den better economic opportunities.

Statistics by Parish

Afro-Antiguans den Barbudans by Parish

Parish Name	Counts	Percentage
Saint John's City	18,366	84.86%
Saint John Rural	24,861	84.31%
Saint Mary	6,754	92.13%
Saint George	7,122	89.29%
Saint Peter	4,937	92.85%
Saint Philip	3,028	91.15%
Saint Paul	7,405	91.24%
Barbuda	1,546	95.11%

Place of Birth of Afro-Antiguans den Barbudans

Parish Name	Africa	Other Latin or North American countries	Other Caribbean countries	Canada	Other Asian countries	Other European countries	Dominica	Dominican Republic	Guyana	Jamaica	Monsterrat	Antigua and Barbuda	St. Kitts and Nevis	St. Lucia	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	Syria	Trinidad and Tobago	United Kingdom	USA	USVI United States Virgin Islands	Not Stated
Saint John's City	93	6	119	20	3	3	1,071	139	1,791	1,311	221	12,553	86	152	143	0	67	42	306	69	170
Saint John Rural	113	20	223	74	4	9	1,340	62	1,614	1,613	244	17,527	120	200	286	0	119	131	767	128	265
Saint Mary	3	4	18	17	2	5	203	8	283	314	34	5,470	26	20	19	0	17	36	184	52	39
Saint George	14	3	69	23	1	2	239	15	273	279	61	5,463	37	113	56	0	31	56	244	42	98
Saint Peter	2	6	24	6	0	0	139	7	324	154	22	3,870	23	7	41	0	10	15	147	27	114
Saint Philip	4	2	14	9	1	2	81	4	99	92	6	2,444	7	9	18	0	6	9	123	16	81
Saint Paul	11	6	53	12	2	1	149	12	347	391	28	5,915	30	33	46	0	18	33	219	53	49
Barbuda	0	1	3	3	0	0	22	0	39	19	4	1,409	6	1	7	0	0	6	15	3	2