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Agoraphobia

From Wikipedia
Agoraphobia
class of disease
Subclass ofphobia, disease Edit
Health specialtypsychiatry, clinical psychology Edit
Possible treatmentpsychotherapy Edit
Drug or therapy used for treatmentalprazolam Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC34362 Edit

Agoraphobia[1] be an anxiety disorder wey be characterized by symptoms of anxiety insyd situations wer de person dey perceive dema environment to be unsafe plus no way to escape.[1] Dese situations fi include public transit, shopping centers, crowds den queues, anaa e simply be outsyd dema home on dema own.[1] E be insyd dese situations wey fi result in a panic attack.[2] Those affected go go to great lengths make dem avoid dese situations.[1] Insyd severe cases, people fi cam be completely unable to leave dema homes.[2]

Dem dey believe agoraphobia be secof a combination of genetic den environmental factors. De condition often dey run insyd families, den stressful anaa traumatic events such as de death of a parent anaa being attacked fi be a trigger.[1] Insyd de DSM-5, dem dey classify agoraphobia as a phobia along plus specific phobias den social phobia.[1][3] Oda conditions wey fi produce similar symptoms dey include separation anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, den major depressive disorder.[1] Na dem show de diagnosis of agoraphobia to be comorbid plus depression, substance abuse, den suicidal ideation.[4][5]

Widout treatment, e be uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve.[1] Treatment be typically plus a type of counselling dem call cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).[3][6] CBT dey result in resolution for about half of people.[7] Insyd sam instances, na those plus a diagnosis of agoraphobia report dem dey take benzodiazepines den antipsychotics.[4] Agoraphobia dey affect about 1.7% of adults.[1] Women be affected about twice as often as men. De condition be rare insyd kiddies, often dey begin insyd adolescence anaa early adulthood, wey e cam be more common at age 65 anaa above.[1]

Society den culture

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Notable cases

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  • Woody Allen, actor, director, musician[8]
  • Isaac Asimov, science fiction writer, reportedly na he get a mild case of agoraphobia[9][10][11][12]
  • Kim Basinger, actress[13]
  • Earl Campbell, American football player[14]
  • Macaulay Culkin, actor[15]
  • Paula Deen, chef, author, den television personality[16]
  • H.L. Gold, science fiction editor[17]
  • Daryl Hannah, actress[18]
  • Miranda Hart, actress den comedian[19]
  • Howard Hughes, aviator, industrialist, film producer den philanthropist[20]
  • Olivia Hussey, actress[21]
  • Elfriede Jelinek, writer, Nobel Prize laureate insyd Literature insyd 2004[24]
  • Mike Patton, musician[25]
  • Bolesław Prus, journalist den novelist[26]
  • Peter Robinson, musician[27]
  • Barbra Streisand, singer den songwriter[28]
  • Ben Weasel, singer den songwriter[29]
  • Brian Wilson, singer den songwriter[30]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, pp. 217–221, 938, ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8
  2. 1 2 "Agoraphobia". PubMed Health. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  3. 1 2 Wyatt, Richard Jed; Chew, Robert H. (2008). Wyatt's Practical Psychiatric Practice: Forms and Protocols for Clinical Use (in English). American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-1-58562-687-8. Archived from the original on 2016-08-21.
  4. 1 2 Shin, Jin; Park, Doo-Heum; Ryu, Seung-Ho; Ha, Jee Hyun; Kim, Seol Min; Jeon, Hong Jun (2020-07-24). "Clinical implications of agoraphobia in patients with panic disorder". Medicine. 99 (30) e21414. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000021414. ISSN 0025-7974. PMC 7387026. PMID 32791758.
  5. ↑ Teismann, Tobias; Lukaschek, Karoline; Hiller, Thomas S.; Breitbart, Jörg; Brettschneider, Christian; Schumacher, Ulrike; Margraf, Jürgen; Gensichen, Jochen; Jena Paradies Study Group (2018-09-24). "Suicidal ideation in primary care patients suffering from panic disorder with or without agoraphobia". BMC Psychiatry. 18 (1): 305. doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1894-5. ISSN 1471-244X. PMC 6154913. PMID 30249220.
  6. ↑ Pompoli, A; Furukawa, TA; Imai, H; Tajika, A; Efthimiou, O; Salanti, G (13 April 2016). "Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta-analysis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (4) CD011004. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011004.pub2. PMC 7104662. PMID 27071857.
  7. ↑ Craske, MG; Stein, MB (24 June 2016). "Anxiety". Lancet. 388 (10063): 3048–3059. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30381-6. PMID 27349358. S2CID 208789585.
  8. ↑ Peter Biskind (10 October 2006). "Reconstructing Woody". Vanity Fair. No. December. Archived from the original on 2012-10-17.
  9. ↑ "Claustrophobia and Agoraphobia within Issac Asimov's "Nightfall"".
  10. ↑ "Why did Asimov feature fear of contact so often in his work?".
  11. ↑ "Summary of Alan C. Elms's "From "Nightfall" to Dawn: Asimov as Acrophobe".
  12. ↑ "SFE: Asimov, Isaac".
  13. ↑ Saul, Helen (2003). Phobias: fighting the fear. New York: Arcade. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-55970-693-3. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  14. ↑ Murray, Jim (1991-08-15). "Campbell Breaks Free Again". Los Angeles Times (in American English). Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  15. ↑ "CNN.com – Transcripts". CNN. 2004-05-27. Archived from the original on 2009-07-20. Retrieved 2009-08-07.
  16. ↑ Julia Moskin (28 February 2007). "From Phobia To Fame: A Southern Cook's Memoir". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 February 2017.
  17. ↑ Erik Gregerson (2011). "Horace L. Gold". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  18. ↑ "Daryl Hannah - Biography". IMDb (in American English). Retrieved 2025-11-16.
  19. ↑ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (26 May 2017). "Miranda Hart: 'I used to think fame would justify my whole existence". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  20. ↑ "Psychological Autopsy can help understand controversial deaths". truTV.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  21. ↑ "Forever Juliet". People. 1992-03-16. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2009 – via www.oliviahussey.com.
  22. ↑ Churchwell, Sarah (2017-02-10). "Shirley Jackson: A Rather Haunted Life by Ruth Franklin review – beyond spooky". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  23. ↑ Jonathan Lethem. "Monstrous acts and little murders". www.salon.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2025.
  24. ↑ Mike Conklin. (2004-12-10). "Where is Elfriede Jelinek?". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
  25. ↑ Hatfield, Amanda (19 July 2022). "Mike Patton discusses agoraphobia diagnosis, canceling Faith No More shows in new interview". Brooklyn Vegan. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  26. ↑ Fita, Stanisław, ed. (1962). Wspomnienia o Bolesławie Prusie [Reminiscences about Bolesław Prus] (in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy (State Publishing Institute). p. 113.
  27. ↑ Whatever Happened to the Gender Benders? (Documentary). United Kingdom: Channel 4.
  28. ↑ V, Justin (2014-11-21). "Famous People With Agoraphobia". Morningside Recovery. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  29. ↑ "Ben Weasel featured on Carson Daly". punknews.org (in English). 14 October 2010.
  30. ↑ McNair, James (3 September 2007). "Brian Wilson: Here Comes the Sun". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 January 2009.
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