Ahl al-Hadith
| Year dem found am | 8. century  |
|---|---|
| Opposite of | Ahl ar-Ra'y |
Ahl al-Hadith (Arabic: أَهْل الحَدِيث, romanized: Ahl al-Ḥadīth, lit. 'people of hadith') be an Islamic school of Sunni Islam wey emerge during de 2nd den 3rd Islamic centuries of de Islamic era (late 8th den 9th century CE) as a movement of hadith scholars wey consider de Quran den authentic hadith to be de authority per insyd matters of law den creed.[1] Dem be known as "Athari" for championing traditionalist theological doctrines wich reject rationalist approaches den advocate a strictly literalist reading of Scriptures.[2][3] Dem sanso refer to ein adherents to as traditionalists den sam times traditionists (from "traditions", namely, hadiths). De traditionalists constitute de most authoritative den dominant bloc of Sunni orthodoxy prior to de emergence of mad'habs (legal schools) during de fourth Islamic century.[4]
Insyd jurisprudence, Ahl al-Hadith oppose chaw of dema contemporary jurists wey base dema legal reasoning on informed opinion رَأْي (raʼy) anaa living local practice عُرْف (ʽurf), wey dem be referred to, often derogatorily, as Ahl ar-Ra'y.[1] De traditionalists condemn de practice of taqlid (dey follow scholarly opinions anaa ra'y widout asking for scriptural proofs) wey dem advocate ittiba (adherence to scholarly traditions by asking for proofs from de Quran den Sunnah wey dey take dema literal meaning per). In turn, de Ahl al-Hadith uphold ijtihad (scholarly legal reasoning) by adhering to Scriptures.[5][6][7]
Insyd matters of faith, na Ahl al-Hadith be pitted against de Mu'tazilites den oda theological currents, wey dey condemn chaw points of dena doctrines as well as de excessive rationalistic methods Mu'tazilites dem use in defending den dey justify demaselves. De most prominent leader of de movement be ʼAḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal. Subsequently, oda Islamic legal schools gradually cam to accept de reliance on de Quran den hadith wey de Ahl al-Hadith movement advocate as valid, while al-Ash'ari (874-936) use rationalistic argumentation wey Mu'tazilites favour to defend chaw of de same tenets of de Ahl al-Hadith doctrine, wey dey carry on de legacy wey Ibn Kullab provide.[8] Insyd de centuries, de term ahl al-hadith cam to refer to those scholars of de Hanbali den Zahiri schools; wey reject rationalistic theology (kalam) wey dem hold on to de creed of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal den especially Imam Zahiri.[9][10] Dis theological school, wich sanso be known as traditionalist theology, be championed insyd recent times by de Salafi movement.[11] De term ahl al-hadith sam times be used insyd a more general sense to denote a particularly enthusiastic commitment to hadith den to de views den way of life of de Muhammad ein contemporaries den de early generations of believers.[12]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 John L. Esposito, ed. (2014). "Ahl al-Hadith". The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512558-0.
- ↑ Azoulay, Rivka (2020). Written at 50 Bedford Square, London, UK. Kuwait and Al-Sabah: Tribal Politics and Power in an Oil State. London, UK: I.B. Tauris. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-8386-0505-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - ↑ Vlad Ghiță, Adrian (2019). "Revivalismul islamic. Tendinţe înnoitoare" [Islamic Revivalism: Renewing trends]. Theology and Life. 40 (9–12): 143 – via The Central and Eastern European Online Library.
- ↑ M. Naf'i, Basheer (2006). "A Teacher of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb: Muḥammad Ḥayāt al-Sindī and the Revival of Asḥāb al-Ḥadīth's Methodology". Islamic Law and Society. 13 (2). Brill Publishers: 235. JSTOR 40377907.
- ↑ Schmidtke, Sabine (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 273–274. ISBN 978-0-19-969670-3.
- ↑ Meijer, Roel (2013). "Introduction". Global Salafism: Islam's New Religious Movement. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-19-933343-1.
- ↑ "Do the Ahl al-Hadith say a Form of Taqlid is Wajib". Salafi Research Institute. 4 June 2017. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018.
- ↑ Blankinship 2008, p. 53.
- ↑ Brown, 2009 In the wake of the tenth-century Ash'ari synthesis, some Muslim theologians still maintained the strict details of the early Sunni creed. This continuation of the original Sunni theological School is often referred to as the Salafi school of theology [...] or as followers of 'Traditional (Athari)' or ahl al-hadith theology.}}
- ↑ Haynes, Jeffrey; S. Sheikh, Naveed (2022). "Making Sense of Salafism: Theological foundations, ideological iterations and political manifestations". The Routledge handbook of Religion, Politics and Ideology. New York, USA: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-367-41782-6.
- ↑ Hoover 2014, p. 625.
- ↑ Leaman, Oliver (2009). "Ahl al-Ḥadīth". In John L. Esposito (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530513-5.