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Ahmad ibn Hanbal

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Ahmad ibn Hanbal
human
Ein sex anaa gendermale Edit
Name in native languageأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَل, أحمد بن محمد بن حنبل Edit
Name wey dem give amAhmad Edit
Ein date of birth23 November 780 Edit
Place dem born amBaghdad Edit
Date wey edie2 August 855 Edit
Place wey edieBaghdad Edit
Place wey dem bury amAhmad ibn Hanbal Mosque, Al-Rusafa Edit
MummieSafiya bint Maymuna Edit
SpouseAbbassa Bint Alfadl Edit
KiddieAbdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Salih ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal Edit
RelativeHanbal ibn Ishaq, Ishaq ibn Hanbal Edit
Native languageArabic Edit
Languages edey speak, rep anaa signArabic, Farsi Edit
Honorific prefixAl-Imam Edit
Honorific suffixrahimahullah Edit
Religion anaa worldviewIslam Edit

Ahmad ibn Hanbal ((Arabic: أحمد ابن حنبل, romanized: Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal; (164-241 AH; 780 – 855 CE) na he be an Arab jurist den founder of de Hanbali school wey be widely recognized as de scholar wey memorize de most Hadiths insyd Islamic history.[1][2][3][4] One of de most venerated Islamic intellectual figures, ibn Hanbal be notable for ein unmatched memorization of over one million prophetic narrations, an unprecedented number wey never be claimed by any oda muhaddith.[5] Ibn Hanbal sanso compile de largest hadith collection, al-Musnad,[6] wich continue to exercise considerable influence on de field of hadith studies up to de present time, wey dey shape de methodological framework dem later employ insyd both Sahih Bukhari den Sahih Muslim. Imam al-Dhahabi describe am as “de true Imam, de proof of de religion, de master of hadith, den de leader of de Sunnah”.[7][8] Imam Ali ibn al-Madini say: “Truly, Allah support dis religion thru two men, to whom der be no third: Abu Bakr during de Ridda Wars, den Ahmad ibn Hanbal during de Mihna”.[9][10]

He study jurisprudence den hadith under chaw teachers during ein youth,[11] Ibn Hanbal cam be famous insyd ein later life for de crucial role he play insyd de Mihna wey de Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun institute toward de end of ein reign, insyd wich de ruler give official state support to de Mu'tazili doctrine of de Quran being created, a view wey contradict de orthodox position of de Quran be de eternal, uncreated word of God.[3] Living insyd poverty thru out ein lifetime working as a baker, den suffering physical persecution under de caliphs for ein unflinching adherence to de traditional doctrine, Ibn Hanbal ein fortitude insyd dis particular event only bolstered ein "resounding reputation" insyd de annals of Sunni history.

Dem herald am as one of de mujaddids, Ibn Hanbal later cam be venerated as an exemplary figure insyd all traditional schools of Sunni thought,[3] both by de exoteric scholars den ascetic Sufis, wey de latter often designate am as a saint insyd dema hagiographies.[12] Ibn al-Jawzi dey relate he "be de foremost in collecting de prophetic way den dey adhere to am."

Insyd de last century, Ibn Hanbal ein reputation cam be subject of debate insyd certain quarters of de world, as de Hanbali reform movement dem know as Wahhabism cite am as a principal influence along plus de 13th-century Hanbali reformer Ibn Taymiyya, despite both scholars cam much earlier. However, na e be argued by certain scholars say Ibn Hanbal ein own beliefs actually play "no real part insyd de establishment of de central doctrines of Wahhābism,"[13] as der be evidence, according to de same authors, "de older Hanbali authorities get doctrinal concerns very different from those of de Wahhabis,"[13] secof medieval Hanbali literature be rich insyd references to saints, grave visitation, miracles, den relics.[14] Insyd dis connection, scholars cite Ibn Hanbal ein own support for de use of relics as one of several important points on wich de theologian ein positions diverge from those wey dey adhere to Wahhabism.[15] Oda scholars dey maintain he be "de distant progenitor of Wahhabism", wey sanso immensely inspire de similar conservative reform movement of Salafism.[16]

Works

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English translation of Ibn Hanbal ein most famous work, Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal.

Dem find de following books insyd Ibn al-Nadim ein Fihrist:[17]

  • Usool as-Sunnah: "Foundations of the Prophetic Tradition (in Belief)"
  • as-Sunnah: "The Prophet Tradition (in Belief)"
  • Kitab al-`Ilal wa Ma'rifat al-Rijal: "The Book of Narrations Containing Hidden Flaws and of Knowledge of the Men (of Hadeeth)"
  • Kitab al-Manasik: "The Book of the Rites of Hajj"
  • Kitab al-Zuhd: "The Book of Abstinence"
  • Kitab al-Iman: "The Book of Faith"
  • Kitab al-Masa'il: "Issues in Fiqh"
  • Kitab al-Ashribah: "The Book of Drinks"
  • Kitab al-Fada'il Sahaba: "Virtues of the Companions"
  • Kitab Tha'ah al-Rasul: "The Book of Obedience to the Messenger"
  • Kitab Mansukh: "The Book of Abrogation"
  • Kitab al-Fara'id: "The Book of Obligatory Duties"
  • Kitab al-Radd `ala al-Zanadiqa wa'l-Jahmiyya: "Refutations of the Heretics and the Jahmites"
  • Tafsir: "Exegesis"
  • Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal

References

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  1. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, Abd ar-Rahman. Manaqib al-Imam Ahmad. p. 192.
  2. ↑ "Brief Biographies of Eminent Hadith Scholars". Islamweb (in English). Retrieved 2026-03-03.
  3. 1 2 3 H. Laoust, "Ahmad b. Hanbal," in Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol.
  4. ↑ Holtzman, Livnat, "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson.
  5. ↑ Ghaly, Mohammed M. I. (2006). "Writings on Disability in Islam: The 16th Century Polemic on Ibn Fahd's al-Nukat al-Ziraf". The Arab Studies Journal (Note 98). 13/14 (2/1): 26.
  6. ↑ 1st ed.
  7. ↑ Siyar A'lam al-Nubala', Volume 11, page 177
  8. ↑ Gibril F. Haddad, The Four Imams and Their Schools (London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 301
  9. ↑ Dhail Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābilah
  10. ↑ Dhail Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābilah Siyar Alām al-Nubalāʾ
  11. ↑ Manāḳib, pp. 33–36; Tard̲j̲ama, pp. 13–24
  12. ↑ Christopher Melchert, The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis, Arabica, T. 48, Fasc.
  13. 1 2 Michael Cook, "On the Origins of Wahhābism," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Third Series, Vol.
  14. ↑ Christopher Melchert, The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis, Arabica, T. 48, Fasc.
  15. ↑ Gibril F. Haddad, The Four Imams and Their Schools (London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2007), p. 390
  16. ↑ Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (1960). "Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal". In Laoust, Henri (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. ISBN 9789004161214. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-05. Founder of one of the four major Sunnī schools, the Ḥanbalī, he was, through his disciple Ibn Taymiyya [q.v.], the distant progenitor of Wahhābism, and has inspired also in a certain degree the conservative reform movement of the Salafiyya. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  17. ↑ al-Nadīm (2014). Al-Fihrist (in Arabic). Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation. p. 100.
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