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Al-Baqi Cemetery

From Wikipedia
Al-Baqi'
Islamic cemetery
Year dem found am622 Edit
Native labelمقبرة البقيع Edit
CountrySaudi Arabia Edit
Edey de administrative territorial entity insydMedina Edit
Coordinate location24°28′1″N 39°36′59″E Edit
Described at URLhttps://www.openstreetmap.org/way/65541621 Edit
Map
De cemetery before de 1926 demolition
De former mausoleum of Fatimah, Abbas, Hasan ibn Ali, Ali as-Sajjad, Muhammad al-Baqir den Ja'far as-Sadiq

Jannat al-Baqī (Arabic: ٱلْبَقِيْع, "The Baqi'", Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [al.ba.ɡiːʕ, al.ba.qiːʕ]) be de oldest den first Islamic cemetery of Medina[1.1] wey dey locate insyd de Hejazi[2] region of present-day Saudi Arabia. E sanso be known as Baqi al-Gharqad (Arabic: بَقِيْع الْغَرْقَد, wey dey mean "Baqiʿ of de Boxthorn").[1.1]

Al-Baqi be reportedly founded by Prophet Muhammad den dey serve as de burial place for chaw of ein relatives den companions, wey dey establish am as one of de two holiest cemeteries insyd Islamic tradition. Monuments den mosques dem build on anaa near al-Baqīʿ be demolished under de Emirate of Diriyah insyd 1806. After dema reconstruction, dem san demolish am insyd 1926 under de Sultanate of Nejd, in accordance plus dema Wahhabi interpretation of Islamic law wey dey regard idolatry.[1.1] Dese demolitions be condemned across de Islamic world, buh de Saudi government reject calls for reconstruction.[1.1]

History

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When Muhammad arrive insyd Medina from Mecca insyd September 622 CE, na al-Baqi' be a land covered plus boxthorn. According to historical records, after Muhammad ein arrival, de houses of Medina develop near al-Baqi', wich therefore be considered de public tomb. De bramble growth be cleared, den de place be consecrated to be de future cemetery of de Muslims wey die insyd al-Madina.[1.1] Additionally, dem introduce al-Baqi’ as a location plus Nakhl on ein east side den houses on ein west side. In fact, before ein demolition, al-Baqi’ be situated behind de houses insyd de city.[3]

During de construction of de Prophet’s Mosque on de site he purchase from two orphan kiddies after ein migration from Mecca to Medina, As'ad ibn Zurarah, one of Muhammad ein companions, die. Muhammad choose de spot to be a cemetery, wey As'ad be de first individual to be buried insyd al-Baqi' among de Ansar.

While Muhammad be outsyd Medina for de Battle of Badr, ein daughter Ruqayyah fall ill wey she die insyd 624. Dem bury am insyd al-Baqi'. Ruqayyah be de first person from de Ahl al-Bayt (Household of Muhammad) to be buried insyd dis cemetery.

Shortly after Muhammad arrive from Badr, Uthman bin Maz'oon die insyd 3 AH (624/625 CE) wey dem bury am insyd al-Baqi'.[1.1] Dem consider am de first companion of Muhammad from de Muhajirun to be buried insyd de cemetery. Muhammad sanso refer to am as de first ‘among us to go to de hereafter,’ wey he name de place wer Uthman bin Maz’oon be buried as Rawhā.

Wen ein youngest son Ibrahim die, Muhammad command say he be buried der as well. He water de grave wey he call dis place Zawrā.[4] Dey follow ein instructions, two of ein daughters Zainab den Umm Kulthum, sanso be buried near de grave of Uthman bin Maz'oon.[5]

Initially, na dem bury de third caliph, Uthman,[6] insyd de large neighbouring Jewish graveyard. Dem carry out de first expansion of al-Baqi' by Muawiyah I, de first Umayyad caliph. To honor Uthman, Muawiyah incorporate de extensive Jewish cemetery into al-Baqi ein burial grounds. De Umayyad Caliphate construct de first dome over Uthman ein grave insyd al-Baqi’. Over time, dem build anaa reconstruct numerous domes den structures over various graves insyd al-Baqi’.

Demolition

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Notable early burials

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Chronological list of distinguished members of de Ahl al-Bayt den companions of the Prophet dem inter at Jannat al-Baqi:

Name Death year (CE) Notes
Notable members of Ahl al-Bayt
Ruqayya bint Muhammad March 624 Daughter of de Prophet den wifey of Uthman
Zaynab bint Khuzayma 625 Fifth wifey of de Prophet, dem sanso know as Umm al-Masakin (mother of de poor)
Zainab bint Muhammad 629 Eldest daughter of de Prophet
Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad 630 Daughter of de Prophet den sanso be wifey of Uthman
Rayhana bint Zayd c. 631 Wifey anaa concubine of de Prophet, she be a Jewish convert to Islam from de Banu Nadir
Ibrahim ibn Muhammad c. 27 January 632 Son of de Prophet Muhammad; he die insyd infancy
Fatima bint Muhammad 632 Daughter of Muhammad, wifey of Ali.

De exact burial place no be known, though chaw traditions hold say ein grave be insyd Jannat al-Baqī

Maria al-Qibtiyya c. 637 Twelfth wifey of de Prophet. She be an Egyptian (Copt) woman dem gift to Muhammad insyd 628 as a slave
Zaynab bint Jahsh 640 / 641 Seventh wifey of de Prophet
Sawdah bint Zam'ah c. 644 anaa 674 Second wifey of de Prophet
Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib c. 653 Paternal uncle of de Prophet
Umm Habiba 664 Ninth wifey of de Prophet
Safiyya bint Huyayy c. 664 – c. 672 Tenth wifey of de Prophet, wey dey originate from a Jewish tribe Banu Nadir
Hafsa bint Umar c. 665 Fourth wifey of Muhammad den daughter of Umar
Hasan ibn Ali 670 Grandson of de Prophet den son of Ali den Fatima.

Briefly caliph insyd early Islamic history

Aqil ibn Abi Talib 670 anaa 683 Cousin of de Prophet den elder bro of Ali
Juwayriya bint al-Harith 676 Eighth wifey of de Prophet
Aisha c. 678 Third den youngest wifey of Prophet Muhammad den daughter of first caliph Abu Bakr
Umm Salama c. 680 anaa 682/683 Sixth wifey of de Prophet
Ali al-Sajjad c. 712 – c. 714 4th Shia Imam; great-grandson of Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad al-Baqir c. 732 5th Shia Imam, dem know for transmitting knowledge
Ja'far al-Sadiq 765 6th Shia Imam, renowned scholar of hadith, Fiqh, den science
Isma'il ibn Ja'far c. 765 or 775 7th Ismaili Shia Imam; son of Ja'far al-Sadiq. Isma'ili sources dey hold say dem bury am insyd Salamiyah, while oda sources place ein burial insyd al-Baqī[7]
Notable Companions of the Prophet Muhammad
As'ad ibn Zurara 623 He suffer from an illness wey dey resemble diphtheria anaa meningitis. He be reported to be de first man dem bury insyd al-Baqi[8]
Uthman ibn Maz'un 624 He be either de first Companion anaa de first Muhajir to be buried insyd de al-Baqi'
Khunays ibn Hudhafa c. 624 He die 25 months after de Hijra. Muhammad lead ein funeral prayer.[9]
Abu Salama 625 He sanso be a cousin den a foster-bro of Muhammad.
Nusaybah bint Ka'ab 634 One of de early women to convert to Islam den a warrior wey participate insyf de battles of Uhud, Hunain, den Yamamah.[10][11]
Halima bint Abi Dhu'ayb c. 635 Foster-mother den Wet nurse of de Prophet
Ubayy ibn Ka'b c. 649 He be notable for de Quran codex he compile.
Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud c. 653 Sunni tradition regard am as one of de greatest early interpreters of de Quran Dem bury am at night insyd al-Baqi
Abu Sufyan ibn Harb c. 653 A prominent opponent-turned companion of de Prophet
Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf c. 654 One of de wealthiest among de companions, he be known for he be one of de ten to whom dem promise Paradise.
Uthman 656 Son-in-law of de Prophet den de 3rd Caliphate

He be initially reportedly to be buried insyd al-Baqī, buh secof to local resistance, dem instead inter am insyd a Jewish cemetery, wich dem later incorporate into al-Baqī by de Umayyads.

Zayd ibn Thabit c. 665 Personal scribe of de prophet Muhammad, wey dey serve as de chief recorder of de Quranic text
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas 674 Military Commander den Governor of Kufa[12]
Hakim ibn Hizam c. 674 Respected merchant den a key figure insyd de Quraysh tribe den nephew of Khadija bint Khuwaylid
Hassan ibn Thabit c. 674 Arabian poet, wey be best known for poems in defence of the prophet.
Abu Hurayra 679 Companion of the prophet and considered the most prolific hadith narrator
Abu Sa'īd al-Khūdrī 7th-Century Prominent companion of the Prophet and prolific hadith narrator, He is believed to have died around 693, though some sources suggest 683.
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References

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  1. "n2:1873-9830 - Search Results". search.worldcat.org. Retrieved 2026-03-12.
    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Baqīʿ al-Gharqad (in English), doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23494, retrieved 2026-03-12
  2. ↑ Hopkins, Daniel J.; 편집부 (2001). Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. p. 479. ISBN 0-87779-546-0. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  3. ↑ Muhammad Sadiq Najmi. history of tombs of Imam in Baqi and other monuments (in Persian). Mashar. pp. 67–68. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  4. ↑ "Encyclopedia of Islam by the Turkish government". Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  5. ↑ Sunan Abu Dawood. pp. https://sunnah.com/abudawud:3206.
  6. ↑ Textual Sources for the Study of Islam, by Knappert, Jan, and Andrew Rippin
  7. ↑ Buyukkara, Mehmet Ali (1997). The Imāmi Shi'i movement in the time of Mūsā al-Kāẓim and 'Ali al-Riḍa. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  8. ↑ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  9. ↑ Ibn Saad/Bewley vol. 3 p. 307.
  10. ↑ Qassem, Hamzah. "Umm 'Umara: The Prophet's Shield at 'Uhud - SunnahOnline.com". sunnahonline.com.
  11. ↑ Ghadanfar, Mahmood Ahmad (26 December 2017). Great Women of Islam. Darussalam. ISBN 9789960897271 – via Google Books.
  12. ↑ al-Basri, Muhammad ibn Saʿd (1990). Al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā. Vol. 3. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah. pp. 109–110.
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