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Alprazolam

From Wikipedia
alprazolam
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofbenzodiazepine drug, triazolobenzodiazepine Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Stylized nameALPRAZolam Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₇H₁₃ClN₄ Edit
Canonical SMILESCC1=NN=C2N1C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=NC2)C4=CC=CC=C4 Edit
Active ingredient inXanax, Niravam Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary namealprazolam Edit
Physically dey interact plusGamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha3, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha5 Edit
Legal status (medicine)boxed warning Edit
Pregnancy categoryUS pregnancy category D Edit
LiverTox likelihood scoreLiverTox toxicity likelihood category D Edit
Subject has roleGABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, hypnotics and sedatives, anxiolytic, GABA Modulators, developmental toxicant Edit
MCN code2933.91.11 Edit

Alprazolam, dem sell under de brand name Xanax among odas, be a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within de triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals dem call benzodiazepines.[1] Alprazolam most commonly be prescribed insyd de management of anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder den generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).[2] Oda uses dey include de treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea, togeda plus oda treatments.[3] GAD improvement dey occur generally within a week.[4][5] Dem generally dey take alprazolam orally.[3]

Common side effects dey include sleepiness, depression, suppressed emotions, mild to severe decreases insyd motor skills, hiccups, dulling anaa declining of cognition, decreased alertness, dry mouth (mildly), decreased heart rate, impairment of judgment (usually insyd higher dan therapeutic doses), den decreased memory formation,[6] depending on dosage.[3] Sam of de sedation den drowsiness fi improve within a few days.[7]

Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms fi occur if use be suddenly decreased.[3][4]

Na Jackson Hester Jr. develop alprazolam at de Upjohn Company[8] wey na dem patent am insyd 1971 wey dem approve am for medical use insyd de United States insyd 1981.[3][9] Alprazolam be a Schedule IV controlled substance wey e be a common drug of abuse.[10][11] E be available as a generic medication.[2] Insyd 2023, na e be de 37th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 15 million prescriptions.[12][13]

References

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  1. ↑ Goldberg R (2009). Drugs Across the Spectrum. Cengage Learning. p. 195. ISBN 978-1-111-78200-9. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  2. 1 2 "DailyMed - XANAX- alprazolam tablet". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 2025-11-23.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (13 November 2017). "Alprazolam Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 7 December 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  4. 1 2 Verster JC, Volkerts ER (2004). "Clinical pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and behavioral toxicity of alprazolam: a review of the literature". CNS Drug Reviews. 10 (1): 45–76. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x. PMC 6741717. PMID 14978513.
  5. ↑ Tampi RR, Muralee S, Weder ND, Penland H, eds. (2008). Comprehensive Review of Psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-7817-7176-4. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  6. ↑ Chowdhury ZS, Morshed MM, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam SM, Bin Sayeed MS (2016). "The Effect of Chronic Alprazolam Intake on Memory, Attention, and Psychomotor Performance in Healthy Human Male Volunteers". Behavioural Neurology (in English). 2016 3730940. doi:10.1155/2016/3730940. PMC 4947648. PMID 27462136. Retrieved 2025-09-27.
  7. ↑ Pavuluri MN, Janicak PG, Marder SR (2010). Principles and Practice of Psychopharmacotherapy (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-60547-565-3. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  8. ↑ Ainsworth, Susan J. (9 December 2013). "Hester Dies At 80". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  9. ↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 536. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  10. ↑ Ait-Daoud N, Hamby AS, Sharma S, Blevins D (2018). "A Review of Alprazolam Use, Misuse, and Withdrawal". Journal of Addiction Medicine. 12 (1): 4–10. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000350. PMC 5846112. PMID 28777203.
  11. ↑ Malamed SF (2009). Sedation: A Guide to Patient Management. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-323-07596-1. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  12. ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  13. ↑ "Alprazolam Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023". ClinCalc.com. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
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