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Amitriptyline

From Wikipedia
amitriptyline
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofdibenzocycloheptene Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Chemical formulaC₂₀H₂₃N Edit
Canonical SMILESCN(C)CCC=C1C2=CC=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C31 Edit
Active ingredient inElavil Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary nameamitriptyline Edit
Medical condition treatedpain, neurotic disorder, fibromyalgia, insomnia, migraine Edit
Route of administrationoral administration, intramuscular injection, intravenous infusion and defusion Edit
Legal status (medicine)boxed warning Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category C, US pregnancy category C Edit
LiverTox likelihood scoreLiverTox toxicity likelihood category B Edit
Subject has roleselective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, adrenergic uptake inhibitors, non-opioid analgesic, tricyclic antidepressant, essential medicine Edit

Amitriptyline, dem sell under de brand name Elavil among odas, be a tricyclic antidepressant dem primarily use to treat major depressive disorder, den a variety of pain syndromes such as neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, migraine den tension headaches.[1] Secof de frequency den prominence of side effects, amitriptyline be generally considered a second-line therapy for dese indications.[2][3][4][5]

De most common side effects be dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, den weight gain. Glaucoma, liver toxicity den abnormal heart rhythms be rare buh serious side effects. Blood levels of amitriptyline de vary significantly from one person to anoda,[6] den amitriptyline interacts plus chaw oda medications potentially dey aggravate ein side effects.

Na dem discover amitriptyline insyd de late 1950s by scientists at Merck wey dem approve by de US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) insyd 1961.[7] E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] E be available as a generic medication.[9] Insyd 2023, na e be de 90th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 7 million prescriptions.[10][11]

References

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  1. ↑ "Amitriptyline Tablets BP 50mg – Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC)". electronic Medicines Compendium. Actavis UK Ltd. 24 March 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  2. ↑ Hitchings A, Lonsdale D, Burrage D, Baker E (2015). Top 100 drugs: clinical pharmacology and practical prescribing. Churchill Livingstone. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-7020-5516-4.
  3. ↑ Alam U, Sloan G, Tesfaye S (March 2020). "Treating Pain in Diabetic Neuropathy: Current and Developmental Drugs". Drugs. 80 (4): 363–384. doi:10.1007/s40265-020-01259-2. PMID 32040849. S2CID 211074023.
  4. ↑ Macfarlane GJ, Kronisch C, Dean LE, Atzeni F, Häuser W, Fluß E, Choy E, Kosek E, Amris K, Branco J, Dincer F, Leino-Arjas P, Longley K, McCarthy GM, Makri S, Perrot S, Sarzi-Puttini P, Taylor A, Jones GT (February 2017). "EULAR revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 76 (2): 318–328. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209724. hdl:2164/8814. PMID 27377815.
  5. ↑ Silberstein SD, Holland S, Freitag F, Dodick DW, Argoff C, Ashman E (April 2012). "Evidence-based guideline update: pharmacologic treatment for episodic migraine prevention in adults: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society". Neurology. 78 (17): 1337–1345. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182535d20. PMC 3335452. PMID 22529202.
  6. ↑ Tfelt-Hansen P, Ågesen FN, Pavbro A, Tfelt-Hansen J (May 2017). "Pharmacokinetic Variability of Drugs Used for Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine". CNS Drugs. 31 (5): 389–403. doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0430-3. PMID 28405886. S2CID 23560743.
  7. ↑ Fangmann P, Assion HJ, Juckel G, González CA, López-Muñoz F (February 2008). "Half a century of antidepressant drugs: on the clinical introduction of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclics, and tetracyclics. Part II: tricyclics and tetracyclics". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 28 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181627b60. PMID 18204333. S2CID 31018835.
  8. ↑ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
  9. ↑ "Amitriptyline Hydrochloride". Drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  10. ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  11. ↑ "Amitriptyline Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 18 August 2025.

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