Amnesia be a deficit insyd memory wey brain damage anaa brain diseases cause,[1] buh e sanso fi be temporarily caused by de use of various sedative den hypnotic drugs. De memory either fi be wholly anaa partially lost secof de extent of damage wey be caused.[2]
Der be two main types of amnesia:
Image of retrograde amnesiaRetrograde amnesia be de inability to remember information wey be acquired before a particular date, usually de date of an accident anaa operation.[3] Insyd sam cases, de memory loss fi extend back decades, while insyd oda cases, people fi loose a few months of memory per.
Anterograde amnesia be de inability to transfer new information from de short-term store into de long-term store. People plus anterograde amnesia no dey kai things for long periods of time.
Dese two types no be mutually exclusive; both sanso fi occur simultaneously.[4]
In addition to retrograde den anterograde amnesia, oda recognized forms dey include transient global amnesia, a temporary loss of memory wey dey cam on suddenly; dissociative amnesia, wich be linked to emotional stress den dey involve inability to recall personal experiences; childhood amnesia, wey dey refer to early life memory loss wey be common across individuals; den post-traumatic amnesia, wich fi follow a head injury den dey involve confusion den memory impairment for events around de time of de trauma.[5]
Case studies sanso dey show say amnesia typically be associated plus damage to de medial temporal lobe. In addition, specific areas of de hippocampus (de CA1 region) be involved plus memory. Research sanso show say wen areas of de diencephalon be damaged, amnesia fi occur. Recent studies show a correlation between deficiency of RbAp48 protein den memory loss. Scientists able be to find say mice plus damaged memory get a lower level of RbAp48 protein dem compare to normal, healthy mice.[6][7] Insyd people plus amnesia, de ability to recall immediate information still be retained,[8][9][10]
wey dem still fi be able to form new memories. However, a severe reduction insyd de ability to learn new material den retrieve old information fi be observed. People fi learn new procedural knowledge. In addition, priming (both perceptual den conceptual) fi assist amnesiacs insyd de learning of fresh non-declarative knowledge.[1] Individuals plus amnesia sanso retain substantial intellectual, linguistic, den social skills despite profound impairments insyd de ability to recall specific information dem encounter in prior learning episodes.[11][12][13]
De term be Ancient Greek 'forgetfulness'; from ἀ- (a-) 'widout' den μνήσις (mnesis) 'memory'.
12Gazzaniga, M., Ivry, R., & Mangun, G. (2009) Cognitive Neuroscience: The biology of the mind. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
↑"Amnesia." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2008. 182–184. Gale Virtual Reference Library.
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