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Anemia

From Wikipedia
anemia
class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofhematopoietic system disease, cytopenia, hemic system symptom, disease Edit
Facet givewomen's health Edit
Health specialtyhematology Edit
Genetic associationG6PD Edit
ICD-9-CM285.9, 285.8 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC2869 Edit

Anemia (dem sanso spell anaemia insyd British English) be a blood disorder insyd wich de blood get a reduced ability to carry oxygen. Dis fi be secof a lower dan normal number of red blood cells, a reduction insyd de amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, anaa abnormalities insyd hemoglobin wey dey impair ein function.[1][2] Dem derive de name Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-) 'not' den αἷμα (haima) 'blood'.[3]

Wen anemia dey cam on slowly, de symptoms often be vague, such as tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath, headaches, den a reduced ability to exercise.[4] Wen anemia be acute, symptoms fi include confusion, feeling like one dey go pass out, loss of consciousness, den increased thirst.[4] Anemia for be significant before a person cam be noticeably pale.[4] Additional symptoms fi occur dey depend on de underlying cause.[4] Anemia fi be temporary anaa long-term den fi range from mild to severe.[5]

Anemia fi be caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, den increased red blood cell breakdown.[4] Causes of blood loss dey include menstruation, bleeding secof inflammation of de stomach anaa intestines, bleeding from surgery, serious injury, anaa blood donation.[4] Causes of decreased production dey include iron deficiency, folate deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia den a number of bone marrow tumors.[4] Causes of increased breakdown dey include genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, infections such as malaria, den certain autoimmune diseases like autoimmune hemolytic anemia.[4]

Anemia sanso fi be classified based on de size of de red blood cells den amount of hemoglobin insyd each cell.[4] If de cells be small, dem dey call am microcytic anemia; if dem be large, dem dey call am macrocytic anemia; wey if dem be normal sized, dem dey call am normocytic anemia.[4] De diagnosis of anemia insyd men be based on a hemoglobin of less dan 130 g/L; insyd non-pregnant women, e be less dan 120 g/L, while insyd pregnant women e be less dan 105–110.[6][7] Further testing be then required to determine de cause.[4][8]

Treatment dey depend on de specific cause. Certain groups of individuals, such as pregnant women, fi benefit from de use of iron pills for prevention.[4][9] Dietary supplementation, widout determining de specific cause, no be recommended.[4] De use of blood transfusions typically be based on a person ein signs den symptoms.[4] Insyd those widout symptoms, dem no be recommended unless hemoglobin levels be less dan 60 to 80 g/L (6 to 8 g/dL).[4][10] These recommendations may also apply to some people with acute bleeding.[4] Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents be only recommended insyd those plus severe anemia.[10]

Anemia be de most common blood disorder, wey dey affect about a fifth to a third of de global population.[4][11][12] Iron-deficiency anemia be de most common cause of anemia worldwide, wey dey affect nearly one billion people.[13] Insyd 2013, na anemia secof iron deficiency result in about 183,000 deaths – down from 213,000 deaths insyd 1990.[14] Dis condition most be prevalent insyd kiddies[15][16] plus also an above average prevalence insyd elderly[4] den women of reproductive age (especially during pregnancy).[13] Anemia be one of de six WHO global nutrition targets for 2025 den for diet-related global targets wey be endorsed by World Health Assembly insyd 2012 den 2013. Na efforts to reach global targets contribute to reaching Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),[17] wey anemia as one of de targets insyd SDG 2 for achieving zero world hunger.[18]

References

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  1. ↑ "Anemia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology". 9 November 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  2. ↑ "Anemia | NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  3. ↑ "anaemia". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Janz, Timothy G.; Johnson, Roy L.; Rubenstein, Scott D. (November 2013). "Anemia in the emergency department: evaluation and treatment". Emergency Medicine Practice. 15 (11): 1–15, quiz 15–16. ISSN 1524-1971. PMID 24716235.
  5. ↑ "Anemia – Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic (in English). Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  6. ↑ "Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia in individuals and populations". World Health Organization. 2024. Archived from the original on 2026-01-01. Retrieved 2026-01-27.
  7. ↑ National Institute for Care and Health Excellence (NICE) (October 2025). "Anaemia - iron deficiency". Clinical Knowledge Summaries. Retrieved 23 December 2025.
  8. ↑ Rhodes, Carl E.; Denault, Deanna; Varacallo, Matthew (2024). "Physiology, Oxygen Transport". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30855920.
  9. ↑ Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, Webb P, Lartey A, Black RE (August 2013). "Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?". Lancet. 382 (9890): 452–477. Bibcode:2013Lanc..382..452B. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60996-4. PMID 23746776. S2CID 11748341.
  10. 1 2 Qaseem A, Humphrey LL, Fitterman N, Starkey M, Shekelle P (December 2013). "Treatment of anemia in patients with heart disease: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 159 (11): 770–779. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00009. PMID 24297193. S2CID 4712203.
  11. ↑ Vos, Theo; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  12. ↑ Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent; Williet, Nicolas; Cacoub, Patrice (1 December 2015). "Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency across indications: a systematic review". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 102 (6): 1585–1594. doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.103366. PMID 26561626.
  13. 1 2 Vos T, et al. (December 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2163–2196. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMC 6350784. PMID 23245607.
  14. ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
  15. ↑ "WHO Global Anaemia estimates, 2021 Edition". World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  16. ↑ Islam, Md Azmir Ibne (6 December 2021). "Modeling the impact of campaign program on the prevalence of anemia in children under five: Anemia model". Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Modeling (in English). 2 (3): 29–40. doi:10.48185/jmam.v2i3.362. ISSN 2709-5924.
  17. ↑ "WHO | Interventions by global target". www.who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
  18. ↑ "The case for action on anemia". Devex. 14 June 2016.
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