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Aspirin

From Wikipedia
aspirin
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofbenzoic acid, acetate ester Edit
Get useMedication, essential medicine Edit
Native labelAcidum acetylsalicylicum Edit
Associated hazardacetylsalicylic acid exposure Edit
Award e receiveNational Inventors Hall of Fame Edit
Has effectacetylsalicylic acid exposure, Reye syndrome Edit
Discoverer or inventorCharles Frédéric Gerhardt, Arthur Eichengrün, Felix Hoffmann Edit
Chemical formulaC₉H₈O₄ Edit
Canonical SMILESCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)O Edit
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID0010 Edit
Active ingredient inDurlaza, Aspirin Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary name Edit
Found insyd taxonliquorice Edit
Physically dey interact plusAcid sensing ion channel subunit 3, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 Edit
Route of administrationoral administration Edit
Legal status (medicine)General sales list (UK) Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category C, US pregnancy category C Edit
BrandAspirin Edit
Hashtagaspirin Edit
Get characteristicbitterness, combustible powder Edit
History of topichistory of aspirin Edit
May prevent diseasemyocardial infarction Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/aspirin_for_pain__fever__and_inflammation Edit

Aspirin (/ˈæsp(ə)rɪn/[1]) be de genericized trademark give acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) dem use to reduce pain, fever, den inflammation, den as an antithrombotic.[2] Dem dey use aspirin to treat inflammatory conditions wey dey include Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, den rheumatic fever.[2]

Dem sanso dey use aspirin long-term to help prevent further heart attacks, ischaemic strokes, den blood clots insyd people at high risk.[2] For pain anaa fever, effects typically dey begin within 30 minutes.[2] Aspirin dey work similarly to oda NSAIDs buh sanso dey suppress de normal functioning of platelets.[2]

One common adverse effect be an upset stomach.[2] More significant side effects dey include stomach ulcers, stomach bleeding, den worsening asthma.[2] Bleeding risk be greater among those wey be older, suck alcohol, take oda NSAIDs, anaa be on oda blood thinners.[2] Dem no dey recommend aspirin insyd de last part of pregnancy.[2] Dem generally no dey recommend insyd kiddies plus viral infections secof de risk of Reye syndrome.[2] High doses fi result in ringing insyd de ears.[2]

A precursor to aspirin dem find insyd de bark of de willow tree (genus Salix), salicin, be metabolized insyd de human gut into de medicinally active compound salicylic acid[3] wey na dem use am for ein health effects for at least 2,400 years.[4][5] Na pharmacology seek a synthetic alternative. Insyd 1853, na de chemist Charles Frédéric Gerhardt treat de medicine sodium salicylate plus acetyl chloride to produce acetylsalicylic acid for de first time.[6] Over de next 50 years, na oda chemists, mostly of de German company Bayer, establish de chemical structure wey dem devise more efficient production methods.[6]: 69–75  Na Felix Hoffmann (anaa perhaps Arthur Eichengrün) of Bayer be de first to produce acetylsalicylic acid insyd a pure, stable form insyd 1897.[7] By 1899, na Bayer dub dis drug Aspirin wey na dem dey sell am globally.[8]: 27 

Aspirin be available widout medical prescription as a proprietary anaa generic medication[2] insyd most jurisdictions. E be one of de most widely used medications globally, plus an estimated 40,000 tonnes (44,000 tons) (50 to 120 billion pills) consumed each year,[4][9] wey e dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] Insyd 2023, e be de 46th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 14 million prescriptions.[11][12]

References

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  1. ↑ "ASPIRIN Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Retrieved 2025-12-18.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Aspirin". American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 29 November 2021. Archived from the original on 25 April 2017 – via Drugs.com.
  3. ↑ Mahdi, Jassem (28 August 2014). "Biosynthesis and metabolism of β-d-salicin: A novel molecule that exerts biological function in humans and plants". Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 4. National Library of Medicine: 73–79. doi:10.1016/j.btre.2014.08.005. PMC 5466123. PMID 28626665.
  4. 1 2 Jones A (2015). Chemistry: An Introduction for Medical and Health Sciences. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 5–6. ISBN 978-0-470-09290-3.
  5. ↑ Ravina E (2011). The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs. John Wiley & Sons. p. 24. ISBN 978-3-527-32669-3.
  6. 1 2 Jeffreys D (2008). Aspirin the remarkable story of a wonder drug. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-59691-816-0. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.: 46–48 
  7. ↑ "Felix Hoffmann". Science History Institute. Archived from the original on 2025-07-18. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  8. ↑ Mann CC, Plummer ML (1991). The aspirin wars: money, medicine, and 100 years of rampant competition (1st ed.). New York: Knopf. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-394-57894-1.
  9. ↑ Warner TD, Mitchell JA (October 2002). "Cyclooxygenase-3 (COX-3): filling in the gaps toward a COX continuum?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (21): 13371–3. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913371W. doi:10.1073/pnas.222543099. PMC 129677. PMID 12374850.
  10. ↑ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
  11. ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  12. ↑ "Aspirin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 18 August 2025.

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