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Asthma

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asthma
class of disease
Subclass ofbronchospasm, disease Edit
Health specialtypulmonology, immunology Edit
Symptoms and signscough, chest pain, inflammation, wheeze Edit
Possible medical findingsCurschmann's spirals Edit
Risk factorsmoking, air pollution Edit
ICD-9-CM493, 493.9 Edit
ICPC 2 IDR96 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC28397 Edit

Asthma be a common long-term inflammatory disease of de airways. E be characterized by variable den recurring symptoms den reduced lung function. Symptoms dey include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, den shortness of breath. A sudden worsening of asthma symptoms dem sam times call an 'asthma attack' anaa an 'asthma exacerbation' fi occur wen allergens, pollen, dust, anaa oda particles, be inhaled into de lungs, wey dey cause de bronchioles to constrict den produce mucus, wich then dey restrict oxygen flow to de alveoli. Dese fi occur a few times a day anaa a few times per week.[1] Dey depend on de person, asthma symptoms fi cam be worse at night anaa plus exercise.[1]

Dem dey think asthma be caused by a combination of genetic den environmental factors.[2] Environmental factors dey include exposure to air pollution den allergens.[1] Oda potential triggers dey include medications such as aspirin den beta blockers.[1] Diagnosis usually dey base on de pattern of symptoms, response to therapy over time, den spirometry lung function testing.[3] Asthma be classified according to de amount of medication dem require to control symptoms anaa mechanisms underlying de condition.

Der be no known cure give asthma, buh e fi be controlled.[1] Symptoms fi be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens den respiratory irritants, den suppressed plus de use of inhaled corticosteroids.[4]: 169–172 [5]: 57, 72–73  Long-acting beta agonists (LABA) anaa antileukotriene agents fi be used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids if asthma symptoms remain uncontrolled.[5]: 77–78, 90 [6] Treatment of rapidly worsening symptoms usually be plus an inhaled short-acting beta2 agonist such as salbutamol den corticosteroids wey dem take by mouth.[4]: 214  Insyd very severe cases, intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, den hospitalization fi be required.[4]: 373–375 

Insyd 2019, asthma affect approximately 262 million people wey e cause approximately 461,000 deaths.[7] Chaw of de deaths occur insyd de developing world.[8] Asthma often dey begin insyd kiddie time,[8] wey de rates increase significantly since de 1960s.[9] Na dem recognize asthma as early as Ancient Egypt.[10] De word asthma be from de Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma), wich dey mean 'panting'.[11]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Asthma Fact sheet №307". WHO. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  2. ↑ Drazen GM, Bel EH (2020). "81. Asthma". In Goldman L, Schafer AI (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 527–535. ISBN 978-0-323-55087-1.
  3. ↑ Lemanske RF, Busse WW (February 2010). "Asthma: clinical expression and molecular mechanisms". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 125 (2 Suppl 2): S95-102. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.047. PMC 2853245. PMID 20176271.
  4. 1 2 3 Expert Panel (2007). Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (Report). National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Report 3 (EPR-3).
  5. 1 2 "Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention" (PDF). Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). 2025.
  6. ↑ Scott JP, Peters-Golden M (September 2013). "Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 188 (5): 538–44. doi:10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP. PMID 23822826.
  7. ↑ "Asthma–Level 3 cause" (PDF). The Lancet. 396: S108 – S109. October 2020.
  8. 1 2 "Asthma Fact sheet №307". WHO. November 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
  9. ↑ Anandan C, Nurmatov U, van Schayck OC, Sheikh A (February 2010). "Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies". Allergy. 65 (2): 152–67. Bibcode:2010Aller..65..152A. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x. PMID 19912154. S2CID 19525219.
  10. ↑ Manniche L (1999). Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt. Cornell University Press. pp. 49. ISBN 978-0-8014-3720-5.
  11. ↑ Murray JF (2010). "Ch. 38 Asthma". In Mason RJ, Murray JF, Broaddus VC, Nadel JA, Martin TR, King Jr TE, Schraufnagel DE (eds.). Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine (5th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-4710-0.

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