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Atomoxetine

From Wikipedia
atomoxetine
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofchemical compound Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Stereoisomer of(+)-Tomoxetine Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₇H₂₁NO Edit
Canonical SMILESCC1=CC=CC=C1OC(CCNC)C2=CC=CC=C2 Edit
Isomeric SMILESCC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@H](CCNC)C2=CC=CC=C2 Edit
Active ingredient inStrattera Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary nametomoxetine, atomoxetine Edit
Medical condition treatedattention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety Edit
Significant drug interactiontranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, phenelzine, procarbazine, (±)-deprenyl Edit
Physically dey interact plussolute carrier family 6 member 3, Solute carrier family 6 member 2, solute carrier family 6 member 4 Edit
Legal status (medicine)boxed warning Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category B3, US pregnancy category C Edit
LiverTox likelihood scoreLiverTox toxicity likelihood category C Edit
Subject has roleadrenergic uptake inhibitors, nootropic Edit

Atomoxetine, dem sell under de brand name Strattera,[1] be a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (sNRI) medication dem use to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)[2] den, to a lesser extent, cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS).[3][4][5] E fi be used alone anaa along plus psychostimulant medication.[6][7] E dey enhance de executive functions of self-motivation, sustained attention, inhibition, working memory, reaction time,[8] den emotional self-regulation.[9][10] Use of atomoxetine only be recommended for those wey be at least six years old.[2] Dem dey take am orally.[2] De effectiveness of atomoxetine be comparable to de commonly prescribed stimulant medication methylphenidate.[11][12][13][14]

Common side effects of atomoxetine dey include abdominal pain, decreased appetite, nausea, feeling tired, den dizziness.[2] Serious side effects fi include angioedema, liver problems, stroke, psychosis, heart problems, suicide, den aggression.[2][15] Der be a lack of data wey dey regard ein safety during pregnancy; as of 2019, ein safety during pregnancy den for use during breastfeeding no be certain.[16][17]

Na e be approved for medical use insyd de United States insyd 2002.[2] Insyd 2023, na e be de 161st most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 3 million prescriptions.[18][19]

Contraindications

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Contraindications dey include:[20]

  • Any cardiovascular disease wey dey include:
    • Moderate to severe hypertension
    • Atrial fibrillation
    • Atrial flutter
    • Ventricular tachycardia
    • Ventricular fibrillation
    • Ventricular flutter
    • Advanced arteriosclerosis
  • Severe cardiovascular disorders
  • Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Concomitant treatment plus monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
  • Narrow-angle glaucoma

References

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  1. ↑ "STRATTERA® (atomoxetine capsules) to be discontinued as of March 2023". 3 March 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  3. ↑ Becker SP, Willcutt EG, Leopold DR, Fredrick JW, Smith ZR, Jacobson LA, Burns GL, Mayes SD, Waschbusch DA, Froehlich TE, McBurnett K, Servera M, Barkley RA (June 2023). "Report of a Work Group on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Key Research Directions and a Consensus Change in Terminology to Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 62 (6): 629–645. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.821. PMC 9943858. PMID 36007816.
  4. ↑ Wietecha L, Williams D, Shaywitz S, Shaywitz B, Hooper SR, Wigal SB, Dunn D, McBurnett K (November 2013). "Atomoxetine improved attention in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia in a 16 week, acute, randomized, double-blind trial". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 23 (9): 605–613. doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0054. PMC 3842866. PMID 24206099.
  5. ↑ Treuer T, Gau SS, Méndez L, Montgomery W, Monk JA, Altin M, Wu S, Lin CC, Dueñas HJ (April 2013). "A systematic review of combination therapy with stimulants and atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including patient characteristics, treatment strategies, effectiveness, and tolerability". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 23 (3): 179–193. doi:10.1089/cap.2012.0093. PMC 3696926. PMID 23560600.
  6. ↑ "Parent's Medication Guide: ADHD". American Psychiatric Association (Guidelines (Tertiary source)). American Psychiatric Association & American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). June 2013. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2017. Though not FDA-approved for combined treatment, atomoxetine (Strattera) is sometimes used in conjunction with stimulants as an off-label combination therapy.
  7. ↑ Isfandnia F, El Masri S, Radua J, Rubia K (July 2024). "The effects of chronic administration of stimulant and non-stimulant medications on executive functions in ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 162 105703. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105703. PMID 38718988.
  8. ↑ Faraone SV, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Zheng Y, Biederman J, Bellgrove MA, Newcorn JH, Gignac M, Al Saud NM, Manor I, Rohde LA, Yang L, Cortese S, Almagor D, Stein MA, Albatti TH, Aljoudi HF, Alqahtani MM, Asherson P, Atwoli L, Bölte S, Buitelaar JK, Crunelle CL, Daley D, Dalsgaard S, Döpfner M, Espinet S, Fitzgerald M, Franke B, Gerlach M, Haavik J, Hartman CA, Hartung CM, Hinshaw SP, Hoekstra PJ, Hollis C, Kollins SH, Sandra Kooij JJ, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Li T, Liu J, Merzon E, Mattingly G, Mattos P, McCarthy S, Mikami AY, Molina BS, Nigg JT, Purper-Ouakil D, Omigbodun OO, Polanczyk GV, Pollak Y, Poulton AS, Rajkumar RP, Reding A, Reif A, Rubia K, Rucklidge J, Romanos M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Schellekens A, Scheres A, Schoeman R, Schweitzer JB, Shah H, Solanto MV, Sonuga-Barke E, Soutullo C, Steinhausen HC, Swanson JM, Thapar A, Tripp G, van de Glind G, van den Brink W, Van der Oord S, Venter A, Vitiello B, Walitza S, Wang Y (September 2021). "The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 128: 789–818. Bibcode:2021NBRev.128..789F. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022. PMC 8328933. PMID 33549739.
  9. ↑ Kamradt JM, Ullsperger JM, Nikolas MA (December 2014). "Executive function assessment and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: tasks versus ratings on the Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale". Psychological Assessment. 26 (4): 1095–1105. doi:10.1037/pas0000006. PMID 24885846.
  10. ↑ Hanwella R, Senanayake M, de Silva V (November 2011). "Comparative efficacy and acceptability of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis". BMC Psychiatry. 11 176. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-11-176. PMC 3229459. PMID 22074258.
  11. ↑ Rezaei G, Hosseini SA, Akbari Sari A, Olyaeemanesh A, Lotfi MH, Yassini M, Bidaki R, Nouri B (10 February 2016). "Comparative efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 30: 325. PMC 4898838. PMID 27390695.
  12. ↑ Hazell PL, Kohn MR, Dickson R, Walton RJ, Granger RE, Wyk GW (November 2011). "Core ADHD symptom improvement with atomoxetine versus methylphenidate: a direct comparison meta-analysis". Journal of Attention Disorders. 15 (8): 674–683. doi:10.1177/1087054710379737. PMID 20837981. S2CID 43503227. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  13. ↑ Bushe C, Day K, Reed V, Karlsdotter K, Berggren L, Pitcher A, Televantou F, Haynes V (May 2016). "A network meta-analysis of atomoxetine and osmotic release oral system methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 30 (5): 444–458. doi:10.1177/0269881116636105. PMID 27005307. S2CID 104938. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  14. ↑ British national formulary: BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 344–345. ISBN 978-0-85711-338-2.
  15. ↑ "Atomoxetine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  16. ↑ Ornoy A (February 2018). "Pharmacological Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder During Pregnancy and Lactation". Pharmaceutical Research (Review). 35 (3) 46. doi:10.1007/s11095-017-2323-z. PMID 29411149. S2CID 3663423.
  17. ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  18. ↑ "Atomoxetine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 19 August 2025.
  19. ↑ "Strattera (atomoxetine hydrochloride)". TGA eBusiness Services. Eli Lilly Australia Pty. Limited. 21 August 2013. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
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