Atopic dermatitis
| Subclass of | dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, disease  |
|---|---|
| Short name | АтД, AD |
| Health specialty | dermatology |
| Symptoms and signs | allergic response, dermatitis |
| ICPC 2 ID | S87 |
Atopic dermatitis (AD), dem sanso know as atopic eczema, be a long-term type of inflammation of de skin.[1] Atopic dermatitis dem sanso often call simply eczema, buh "eczema" sanso be used to refer to dermatitis, de larger group of skin conditions.[1][2] Atopic dermatitis dey result in itchy, red, swollen, den cracked skin.[1] Clear fluid fi cam from de affected areas, wich fi thicken over time.[1]
Atopic dermatitis dey affect about 20% of people at sam point insyd dema lives.[1][3] E be more common insyd younger kiddies.[4] Females be affected slightly more often dan males.[5] Chaw people outgrow de condition.[4]
While de condition fi occur at any age, e typically dey begin insyd childhood, plus varying severity over de years.[1][4] Insyd kiddies under one year of age, de face den limbs den much of de body fi be affected.[4] As kiddie get older, de areas on de insides of de knees den folds of de elbows den around de neck be most commonly affected.[4] Insyd adults, de hands den feet be commonly affected.[4] Scratching de affected areas dey worsen de eczema den dey increase de risk of skin infections.[1] Chaw people plus atopic dermatitis develop hay fever anaa asthma.[1]
De cause be unknown buh dem believe to involve genetics, immune system dysfunction, environmental exposures, den difficulties plus de permeability of de skin.[1][4] If one identical twin be affected, de oda get an 85% chance of having de condition.[6] Those wey dey live insyd cities den dry climates be more commonly affected.[1] Exposure to certain chemicals anaa frequent hand washing dey make symptoms worse.[1] While emotional stress fi make de symptoms worse, e no be a cause.[1] De disorder no be contagious.[1] A diagnosis typically be based on de signs, symptoms, den family history.[4]
Treatment dey involve avoiding things wey dey make de condition worse, enhancing de skin barrier thru skin care, den treating de underlying skin inflammation. Dem dey use moisturising creams to make de skin less dry den prevent AD flare-ups. Dem dey use anti-inflammatory corticosteroid creams to control flare-ups.[4] Creams based on calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus anaa pimecrolimus) sanso fi be used to control flares if oda measures no be effective.[1][7] Certain antihistamine pills fi help plus itchiness.[4] Things wey commonly make am worse dey include house dust mite, stress, den seasonal factors.[8] Phototherapy fi be useful insyd sam people.[1] Antibiotics (either by mouth anaa topically) usually no be helpful unless der be secondary bacterial infection anaa de person be unwell.[9] Dietary exclusion no dey benefit chaw people, wey e no need if food allergies be suspected.[10] More severe AD cases fi need systemic medicines such as cyclosporin, methotrexate, dupilumab, anaa baricitinib.
Oda names of de condition dey include "infantile eczema", "flexural eczema", "prurigo Besnier", "allergic eczema", den "neurodermatitis".[11]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Handout on Health: Atopic Dermatitis (A type of eczema)". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. May 2013. Archived from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ↑ Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, Friedmann PS, Lanier BQ, Lockey RF, Motala C, Ortega Martell JA, Platts-Mills TA, Ring J, Thien F, Van Cauwenberge P, Williams HC (May 2004). "Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: Report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 113 (5): 832–836. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.591. PMID 15131563.
- ↑ Thomsen SF (2014). "Atopic dermatitis: natural history, diagnosis, and treatment". ISRN Allergy. 2014 354250. doi:10.1155/2014/354250. PMC 4004110. PMID 25006501.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tollefson MM, Bruckner AL (December 2014). "Atopic dermatitis: skin-directed management". Pediatrics. 134 (6): e1735 – e1744. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2812. PMID 25422009.
- ↑ "Atopic Dermatitis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. September 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ↑ Williams H (2009). Evidence-Based Dermatology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-4443-0017-8. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
- ↑ Carr WW (August 2013). "Topical calcineurin inhibitors for atopic dermatitis: review and treatment recommendations". Paediatric Drugs. 15 (4): 303–310. doi:10.1007/s40272-013-0013-9. PMC 3715696. PMID 23549982.
- ↑ Langan SM, Williams HC (September 2006). "What causes worsening of eczema? A systematic review". The British Journal of Dermatology. 155 (3): 504–514. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07381.x. PMID 16911274. S2CID 43247714.
- ↑ Ong PY, Boguniewicz J, Chu DK (May 2023). "Skin Antiseptics for Atopic Dermatitis: Dissecting Facts From Fiction". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice. 11 (5): 1385–1390. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.012. PMID 36702247. S2CID 256222372.
- ↑ Ong PY, Boguniewicz J, Chu DK (May 2023). "Skin Antiseptics for Atopic Dermatitis: Dissecting Facts From Fiction". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice. 11 (5): 1385–1390. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.012. PMID 36702247. S2CID 256222372.
- ↑ Williams HC (October 2000). "Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis". Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 25 (7). Cambridge University Press: 522–529. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00698.x. ISBN 978-0-521-57075-6. PMID 11122223. S2CID 31546363. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015.
External links
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