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Autism spectrum

From Wikipedia
autism spectrum disorder
neurodevelopmental disorder, disability
Subclass ofpervasive developmental disorder, neurodiversity, mental disorder Edit
Short nameTEA, ASD Edit
Studied bysociological and cultural aspects of autism, psychiatry, speech-language pathology, phonology Edit
Health specialtypsychology Edit
Possible treatmentcognitive behavioral therapy, music therapy Edit
Drug or therapy used for treatmentTEACCH approach, early childhood intervention Edit
Genetic associationKALRN Edit
Handled, mitigated, or managed byautism therapy Edit
ICPC 2 IDP99 Edit

Autism spectrum a mental disorder plus onset insyd kiddie time, wey dey include de prior diagnosis autism den Asperger syndrome.[1] Symptoms include long-term difficulties plus communication, social interaction, restricted interests, den repetitive behavior.[1] Symptoms be typically recognized before two years of age.[1] Complications fi include difficulties in performing daily tasks, creating den keeping relationships, maintaining a job, den suicide.[2]

While de cause be uncertain, e be believed to involve a combination of genetic den enviromental factors.[3] Risk factors dey include having an older parent, a family history of autism, den certain genetic conditions.[3] E be estimated say between 65% den 90% of risk be secof genetics.[4] Diagnosis dey base on symptoms.[3] Insyd 2013, de DSM-5 replaced de previous subgroups of autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), den childhood disintegrative disorder plus de single term "autism spectrum disorder".[5][6]

While der be no cure treatment fi improve outcomes.[7] Efforts generally be individualized den fi include behavioural therapy den de teaching of coping skills.[3] Dese efforts often involve de parents den oda family members.[3] Medications fi be used to try to help improve some associated symptoms.[3] Evidence to support de use of medications, however, no be very strong.[8]

Autism spectrum be estimated to affect about 0.8% of people (62 million globally) as of 2021.[9] Insyd de United States e be estimated to affect about 2.5% of kiddies (about 1.5 million) as of 2016.[10] Males be diagnosed four times more often dan females.[7] De term "spectrum" dey refer to de variation insyd de type den severity of symptoms.[6] Outcomes be variable, plus sam plus mild symptoms function independently, while those plus more severe symptoms wey dey require substantial support insyd dema daily lives.[11][2]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Autism Spectrum Disorder. 299.00 (F84.0)". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 50–59. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. ISBN 978-0-89042-559-6.
  2. 1 2 Howlin, P; Magiati, I (March 2017). "Autism spectrum disorder: outcomes in adulthood". Current opinion in psychiatry. 30 (2): 69–76. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000308. PMID 28067726.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Autism Spectrum Disorder". NIMH. 2018. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  4. ↑ Tick B, Bolton P, Happé F, Rutter M, Rijsdijk F (May 2016). "Heritability of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis of twin studies". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 57 (5): 585–95. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12499. PMC 4996332. PMID 26709141.
  5. ↑ "Autism spectrum disorder fact sheet" (PDF). DSM5.org. American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  6. 1 2 Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Chakrabarti B, Baron-Cohen S (23 April 2013). "Subgrouping the autism "spectrum": reflections on DSM-5". PLOS Biology. 11 (4): e1001544. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001544. PMC 3635864. PMID 23630456.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. 1 2 "10 Facts about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)". Early Childhood Development | ACF (in English). Archived from the original on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  8. ↑ Accordino RE, Kidd C, Politte LC, Henry CA, McDougle CJ (2016). "Psychopharmacological interventions in autism spectrum disorder". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 17 (7): 937–52. doi:10.1517/14656566.2016.1154536. PMID 26891879. S2CID 6255194.
  9. ↑ Santomauro, Damian F.; Erskine, Holly E.; Herrera, Ana M. Mantilla; Miller, Paul Anthony; Shadid, Jamileh; Hagins, Hailey; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmed, Ayman; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji (2024-12-19). "The global epidemiology and health burden of the autism spectrum: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021". The Lancet Psychiatry (in English). 0 (0). doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00363-8. ISSN 2215-0366.
  10. ↑ "HRSA-led study estimates 1 in 40 U.S. children has diagnosed autism". hrsa.gov. 19 November 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
  11. ↑ Sanchack, KE; Thomas, CA (15 December 2016). "Autism Spectrum Disorder: Primary Care Principles". American family physician. 94 (12): 972–979. PMID 28075089.
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