Autoimmune disease
| Autoimmune diseases | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Young woman plus malar rash, typically found insyd systemic lupus erythematosus | |
| Specialty | Rheumatology, immunology, gastroenterology, neurology, dermatology, endocrinology |
| Symptoms | Wide-ranging, depends on the condition. Commonly include, although by no means restricted to, low grade fever, feeling tired |
| Usual onset | Adulthood |
| Types | List of autoimmune diseases (alopecia areata, vitiligo, celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, Hashimoto's disease, Graves' disease, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, others) |
| Medication | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, intravenous immunoglobulin |
| Frequency | 10% (UK) |
An autoimmune disease be a condition wey dey result from an anomalous response of de adaptive immune system, wherein e mistakenly dey target den dey attack healthy, functioning parts of de body as if dem be foreign organisms.[1] Na dem estimate dat der be more dan 80 recognized autoimmune diseases, plus recent scientific evidence wey dey suggest de existence of potentially more dan 100 distinct conditions.[2][3][4] Nearly any body part fi be involved.[5]
Autoimmune diseases be a separate class from autoinflammatory diseases. Both be characterized by an immune system malfunction wich fi cause similar symptoms, such as rash, swelling, anaa fatigue, buh de cardinal cause anaa mechanism of de diseases be different. A key difference be a malfunction of de innate immune system insyd autoinflammatory diseases, whereas insyd autoimmune diseases der be a malfunction of de adaptive immune system.[6]
Symptoms of autoimmune diseases significantly fi vary, primarily base on de specific type of de disease den de body part wey e dey affect. Symptoms often be diverse wey e fi be fleeting, fluctuating from mild to severe, den typically dey comprise low-grade fever, fatigue, den general malaise.[1] However, sam autoimmune diseases fi present plus more specific symptoms such as joint pain, skin rashes (e.g., urticaria), anaa neurological symptoms.
De exact causes of autoimmune diseases remain unclear wey e likely be multifactorial, wey dey involve both genetic den environmental influences.[5] While sam diseases like lupus dey exhibit familial aggregation, wey dey suggest a genetic predisposition, na dem associate oda cases plus infectious triggers anaa exposure to environmental factors, wey dey imply a complex interplay between genes den environment insyd dema etiology.
Sam of de most common diseases wey dem generally categorize as autoimmune dey include coeliac disease, type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn's disease den ulcerative colitis), multiple sclerosis, alopecia areata,[7] Addison's disease, pernicious anemia, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, den systemic lupus erythematosus. Diagnosing autoimmune diseases fi be challenging secof dema diverse presentations den de transient nature of chaw symptoms.[1]
Treatment modalities for autoimmune diseases dey vary base on de type of disease den ein severity.[1] Therapeutic approaches primarily dey aim make e manage symptoms, reduce immune system activity, den maintain de body ein ability to fight diseases. Dem commonly dey use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) den immunosuppressants make dem reduce inflammation den control de overactive immune response. In certain cases, intravenous immunoglobulin fi be administered make e regulate de immune system.[8] Despite dese treatments often dey lead to symptom improvement, dem usually no dey offer a cure wey long-term management often be required.[1]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Autoimmune diseases". Office on Women's Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 22 February 2021. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
- ↑ "List of Autoimmune Diseases". Autoimmune Registry Inc. (in American English). Retrieved 2022-06-06.
- ↑ Angum F, Khan T, Kaler J, Siddiqui L, Hussain A (May 2020). "The Prevalence of Autoimmune Disorders in Women: A Narrative Review". Cureus. 12 (5): e8094. doi:10.7759/cureus.8094. PMC 7292717. PMID 32542149. S2CID 219447364.
- ↑ "Assessment of NIH Research on Autoimmune Diseases". www.nationalacademies.org. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Borgelt LM (2010). Women's Health Across the Lifespan: A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach (in English). ASHP. p. 579. ISBN 978-1-58528-194-7. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
- ↑ Zen M, Gatto M, Domeneghetti M, Palma L, Borella E, Iaccarino L, et al. (October 2013). "Clinical guidelines and definitions of autoinflammatory diseases: contrasts and comparisons with autoimmunity-a comprehensive review". Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. 45 (2): 227–235. doi:10.1007/s12016-013-8355-1. PMID 23322404. S2CID 23061331.
- ↑ Erjavec SO, Gelfman S, Abdelaziz AR, Lee EY, Monga I, Alkelai A, et al. (February 2022). "Whole exome sequencing in Alopecia Areata identifies rare variants in KRT82". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 800. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13..800E. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28343-3. PMC 8831607. PMID 35145093.
- ↑ Katz U, Shoenfeld Y, Zandman-Goddard G (2011). "Update on intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) mechanisms of action and off- label use in autoimmune diseases". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 17 (29): 3166–3175. doi:10.2174/138161211798157540. PMID 21864262.
Read further
[edit | edit source]- Handbook of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Elsevier. ISSN 1571-5078. OCLC 1011217419. Journal.
- Vinay K, Abbas AK, Aster JC, Cotran RS, Robbins SL (2021). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (10th ed.). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-53113-9. OCLC 1197688378.
External links
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