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Avicenna

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Avicenna
human
Ein sex anaa gendermale Edit
Name in native languageابن سینا, الحسين بن عبد الله بن سينا Edit
Birth nameأبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا Edit
Name wey dem give amHussein Edit
Nameأبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا Edit
Ein date of birth980, 980 Edit
Place dem born amAfshona Edit
Date wey edie18 June 1037 Edit
Place wey edieHamadan Edit
Place wey dem bury amAvicenna Mausoleum Edit
Native languageFarsi Edit
Languages edey speak, rep anaa signArabic, Farsi Edit
Position eholdvizier Edit
Student ofAbu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi, Abu Abdullah Nateli Edit
StudentBahmanyār, Ibn Abi Sadiq, Ali ibn Yusuf al-Ilaqi Edit
Religion anaa worldviewIslam Edit
Notable workCanon of Medicine, The Book of Healing, Al-isharat wa al-tanbihat Edit
Present in workThe Divine Comedy Edit
Time periodIslamic Golden Age, Shi'a Century Edit
Copyright status as creatorcopyrights on works have expired Edit
KunyaAbdullah Ibn Al Hussain Edit

Ibn Sina (c. 980 – 22 June 1037), dem commonly know insyd de West as Avicenna (/ˌævɪˈsɛnə, ˌɑːv-/ A(H)V-ih-SEN-ə), be a preeminent philosopher den physician of de Muslim world.[1][2] He be a seminal figure of de Islamic Golden Age, wey dey serve insyd de courts of various Iranian rulers,[3] wey na he be influential to medieval European medical den Scholastic thought.[4]

Dem often describe am as de father of early modern medicine,[5][6][7] Avicenna ein most famous works be The Book of Healing, a philosophical den scientific encyclopedia, den The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia[8][9][10] wey cam be a standard medical text at chaw medieval European universities[11] wey e remain in use as late as 1650.[12]

Besides philosophy den medicine, Avicenna ein corpus dey include writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography den geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics, den works of poetry.[13] Ein philosophy be of de Peripatetic school dem derive from Aristotelianism,[14] of wich he be considered among de greatest proponents within de Muslim world.[4]

Avicenna wrep chaw of ein philosophical den scientific works insyd Arabic buh he sanso wrep several key works insyd Persian; he wrep ein poetry insyd both languages. Of de 450 works dem believe he wrep, around 240 survive, wey dey include 150 on philosophy den 40 on medicine.[14]

Name

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Avicenna be a Latinized version of de Arabic patronym ibn Sīnā (ابن سينا),[15] wey dey indicate say he be de descendant of a line of men wey dey go back to one dem name Sina. Specifically, Avicenna be de great-great-grandson of a Sina.[16] Ein full formal Arabic name be Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn bin ʿAbdallāh bin al-Ḥasan bin ʿAlī bin Sīnā al-Balkhī al-Bukhārī (أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا البلخي البخاري).[17][18]

List of works

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De treatises of Avicenna influence later Muslim thinkers insyd chaw areas wey dey include theology, philology, mathematics, astronomy, physics den music. Ein works number almost 450 volumes on a wide range of subjects, of wich around 240 survive. In particular, 150 volumes of ein surviving works concentrate on philosophy den 40 of dem concentrate on medicine. Ein most famous works be The Book of Healing, and The Canon of Medicine.

Avicenna ein works further include:[19][20]

  • Sirat al-shaykh al-ra'is (The Life of Avicenna), ed. and trans. WE. Gohlman, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1974. (The only critical edition of Avicenna's autobiography, supplemented with material from a biography by his student Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani. A more recent translation of the Autobiography appears in D. Gutas, Avicenna and the Aristotelian Tradition: Introduction to Reading Avicenna's Philosophical Works, Leiden: Brill, 1988; second edition 2014.)[19]
  • Al-isharat wa al-tanbihat (Remarks and Admonitions), ed. S. Dunya, Cairo, 1960; parts translated by S.C. Inati, Remarks and Admonitions, Part One: Logic, Toronto, Ont.: Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies, 1984, and Ibn Sina and Mysticism, Remarks and Admonitions: Part 4, London: Kegan Paul International, 1996.[19]
  • Al-Qanun fi'l-tibb (The Canon of Medicine), ed. I. a-Qashsh, Cairo, 1987. (Encyclopedia of medicine.)[19] manuscript,[21][22] Latin translation, Flores Avicenne,[23] Michael de Capella, 1508,[24] Modern text.[25] Ahmed Shawkat Al-Shatti, Jibran Jabbur.[26]
  • Risalah fi sirr al-qadar (Essay on the Secret of Destiny), trans. G. Hourani in Reason and Tradition in Islamic Ethics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.[19]
  • Danishnama "The Book of Scientific Knowledge", ed. and trans. P. Morewedge, The Metaphysics of Avicenna, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973.[19]
  • The Book of Healing, Avicenna's major work on philosophy.[19]
  • Kitab al-Najat "The Book of Salvation", trans. F. Rahman, Avicenna's Psychology: An English Translation of Kitab al-Najat, Book II, Chapter VI with Historical-philosophical Notes and Textual Improvements on the Cairo Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1952. (The psychology of al-Shifa'.) (Digital version of the Arabic text)
  • Risala fi'l-Ishq "A Treatise on Love". Translated by Emil L. Fackenheim.

Persian works

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Avicenna ein most important Persian work be de Danishnama (دانشنامه علائی, "Book of Knowledge". Avicenna create a new scientific vocabulary wey e no previously exist insyd Persian. De Danishnama[27]

Andar Dānish-i Rag (اندر دانش رگ, "On the Science of the Pulse")

Dem record Persian poetry from Avicenna insyd various manuscripts den later anthologies such as Nozhat al-Majales.

Namesakes of Ibn Sina

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  • Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences insyd Aligarh
  • Avicenna Bay insyd Antarctica
  • Avicenna (crater) on de far side of de Moon
  • Avicenna Cultural and Scientific Foundation
  • Avicenne Hospital insyd Paris, France
  • Avicenna International College insyd Budapest, Hungary
  • Avicenna Mausoleum (complex dem dedicate to Avicenna) insyd Hamadan, Iran
  • Avicenna Research Institute insyd Tehran, Iran
  • Avicenna Tajik State Medical University insyd Dushanbe, Tajikistan
  • Bu-Ali Sina University insyd Hamedan, Iran
  • Ibn Sina Peak on de Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan border
  • Ibn Sina Foundation insyd Houston, Texas[28]
  • Ibn Sina Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Ibn Sina Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey[29]
  • Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat-Salé at Mohammed V University insyd Rabat, Morocco
  • Ibne Sina Hospital, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan[30]
  • International Ibn Sina Clinic, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

References

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  1. ↑ "Avicenna (Ibn Sina)". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  2. ↑ "Ibn Sina [Avicenna]". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 15 September 2016.
  3. ↑ Adamson, 2016, pp. 113,117,206.
    (page 113) "For one thing, it means that he[Avicenna] had a Persian cultural background...he spoke Persian natively and did use it to write philosophy."
    (page 117) "But for the time being, it was a Persian from Khurasan who would have commentaries lavished upon him. Avicenna would be known by the honorific of "leading master" (al-shaykh al-raʾis)."
    (page 206) "Persians like Avicenna"
  4. 1 2 "Avicenna | Biography, Books, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in English). 2025-06-20. Retrieved 2025-06-24. Avicenna did not burst upon an empty Islamic intellectual stage. It is believed that Muslim writer Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ, or possibly his son, had introduced Aristotelian logic to the Islamic world more than two centuries before Avicenna. Al-Kindī, the first Islamic Peripatetic (Aristotelian) philosopher, and Turkish polymath al-Fārābī, from whose book Avicenna would learn Aristotle's metaphysics, preceded him. Of these luminaries, however, Avicenna remains by far the greatest.
  5. ↑ "Did You Know?: Silk Roads Exchange and the Development of the Medical Sciences | Programme des Routes de la Soie". fr.unesco.org. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023. Scholars from this period include Avicenna (Ibn Sina, 980–1037 CE), who is often described as the father of early modern medicine, the polymath Al-Biruni (973–1050 CE), and the botanist and pharmacist Ibn al-Baitar (1197–1248 CE).
  6. ↑ Saffari, Mohsen; Pakpour, Amir (1 December 2012). "Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: A Look at Health, Public Health, and Environmental Sanitation". Archives of Iranian Medicine. 15 (12): 785–9. PMID 23199255. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2018. Avicenna was a well-known Persian and a Muslim scientist who was considered to be the father of early modern medicine.
  7. ↑ Colgan, Richard (19 September 2009). Advice to the Young Physician: On the Art of Medicine (in English). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4419-1034-9. Avicenna is known as the father of early modern medicine.
  8. ↑ Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2007). "Avicenna". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2007.
  9. ↑ Clarke, Edwin; O'Malley, Charles Donald (1996). The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: A Historical Study Illustrated by Writings from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century (in English). Norman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-930405-25-0.
  10. ↑ Bruijn, Iris (2009). Ship's Surgeons of the Dutch East India Company: Commerce and the Progress of Medicine in the Eighteenth Century (in English). Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-8728-051-2.
  11. ↑ "Avicenna 980–1037". Hcs.osu.edu. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  12. ↑ e.g. at the universities of Montpellier and Leuven (see "Medicine: an exhibition of books relating to medicine and surgery from the collection formed by J.K. Lilly". Indiana.edu. 31 August 2004. Archived from the original on 14 December 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2010.).
  13. ↑ "Avicenna", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Version 2006". Iranica.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  14. 1 2 "Avicenna - Biography". Maths History (in English). Retrieved 2026-03-18.
  15. ↑ Byrne, Joseph Patrick (2012), "Avicenna", Encyclopedia of the Black Death, Vol. I, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-59884-253-1.
  16. ↑ Van Gelder, Geert Jan, ed. (2013), "Introduction", Classical Arabic Literature, Library of Arabic Literature, New York: New York University Press, p. xxii, ISBN 978-0-8147-7120-4
  17. ↑ "Avicenna", Consortium of European Research Libraries, archived from the original on 19 August 2021, retrieved 19 August 2021
  18. ↑ Avicenna (1935), "Majmoo' rasaa'il al-sheikh al-ra'iis abi Ali al-Hussein ibn Abdullah ibn Sina al-Bukhari" مجموع رسائل الشيخ الرئيس اب علي الحسين ابن عبدالله ابن سينا البخاري [The Grand Sheikh Ibn Sina's Collection of Treatises], World Digital Library (first ed.), Haydarabad Al-Dakan: Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Press, archived from the original on 19 August 2021, retrieved 19 August 2021
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Ibn Sina Abu 'Ali Al-Husayn". Muslimphilosophy.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
  20. ↑ Tasaneef lbn Sina by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Tabeeb Haziq, Gujarat, Pakistan, 1986, pp. 176–198
  21. ↑ "The Canon of Medicine". Wdl.org. 1 January 1597. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  22. ↑ "The Canon of Medicine". World Digital Library. 1597. Archived from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  23. ↑ Flowers of Avicenna. Printed by Claude Davost alias de Troys, for Bartholomeus Trot. 1 January 1508. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  24. ↑ "Flowers of Avicenna – Flores Avicenne". World Digital Library. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  25. ↑ "The Book of Simple Medicine and Plants" from "The Canon of Medicine". Knowledge Foundation. 1 January 1900. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  26. ↑ Avicenna. "The Canon of Medicine". World Digital Library. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
  27. ↑ Avicenna, Danish Nama-i 'Alai. trans. Parviz Morewedge as The Metaphysics of Avicenna (New York: Columbia University Press), 1977.
  28. ↑ "Our Story". Ibn Sina Foundation. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  29. ↑ "Ibn Sina Hospital". Ibn Sina Hospital, Turkey. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  30. ↑ "Ibne Sina Hospital". Ibn e Siena. Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
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