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BCG vaccine

From Wikipedia
BCG vaccine
vaccine type, public health
Subclass oftuberculosis vaccines, heterologous vaccine Edit
Dem name afterAlbert Calmette, Camille Guérin Edit
Vaccine fortuberculosis Edit
Pregnancy categoryUS pregnancy category C Edit
Described at URLhttps://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/16/health/bcg-vaccine-diabetes-covid.html Edit
Subject has roleimmunologic adjuvant Edit

De Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine be a vaccine dem primarily use against tuberculosis (TB).[1] Dem name am after ein inventors Albert Calmette den Camille Guérin.[2][3] Insyd countries wer tuberculosis anaa leprosy be common, one dose be recommended insyd healthy babies as soon after birth as possible.[1] Insyd areas wer tuberculosis no be common, kiddies at high risk per be typically immunized, while suspected cases of tuberculosis be individually tested for den treated.[1] Adults wey be frequently exposed to tuberculosis sanso fi be immunized.[1] BCG get sam effectiveness against Buruli ulcer infection den oda nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.[1] E sanso often be used as part of de treatment of bladder cancer.[4][5]

Rates of protection against tuberculosis infection dey vary widely wey protection dey last up to 20 years.[1] Among kiddies, e dey prevent about 20% from getting infected den among those wey get infected, e dey protect half from developing disease.[6] De vaccine be injected into de skin.[1] No evidence dey show say additional doses be beneficial.[1]

Serious side effects be rare. Redness, swelling, den mild pain often dey occur at de injection site.[1] A small ulcer sanso fi form plus sam scarring after healing.[1] Side effects be more common den potentially more severe insyd those plus immunosuppression.[1] Although no harmful effects on de fetus be observed, der be insufficient evidence about de safety of BCG vaccination during pregnancy. Therefore, de vaccine no be recommended for use during pregnancy.[1] De vaccine originally be developed from Mycobacterium bovis, wich dem commonly find insyd cattle.[1] Although e be weakened, e still be live.[1]

De BCG vaccine first be used medically insyd 1921.[1] E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] As of 2004, dem give de vaccine to about 100 million kiddies per year globally.[8] However, e no be commonly administered insyd de United States.[9][10]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 World Health Organization (February 2018). "BCG vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2018". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 93 (8): 73–96. hdl:10665/260307. PMID 29474026.
  2. ↑ Hawgood BJ (August 2007). "Albert Calmette (1863-1933) and Camille Guérin (1872-1961): the C and G of BCG vaccine". Journal of Medical Biography. 15 (3): 139–146. doi:10.1258/j.jmb.2007.06-15. PMID 17641786. S2CID 41880560.
  3. ↑ Luca S, Mihaescu T (March 2013). "History of BCG Vaccine". Maedica. 8 (1): 53–58. PMC 3749764. PMID 24023600.
  4. ↑ Fuge O, Vasdev N, Allchorne P, Green JS (May 2015). "Immunotherapy for bladder cancer". Research and Reports in Urology. 7: 65–79. doi:10.2147/RRU.S63447. PMC 4427258. PMID 26000263.
  5. ↑ Houghton BB, Chalasani V, Hayne D, Grimison P, Brown CS, Patel MI, Davis ID, Stockler MR (May 2013). "Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis". BJU International. 111 (6): 977–983. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11390.x. PMID 23253618. S2CID 24961108.
  6. ↑ Roy A, Eisenhut M, Harris RJ, Rodrigues LC, Sridhar S, Habermann S, Snell L, Mangtani P, Adetifa I, Lalvani A, Abubakar I (August 2014). "Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ. 349 g4643. doi:10.1136/bmj.g4643. PMC 4122754. PMID 25097193.
  7. ↑ World Health Organization (2025). The selection and use of essential medicines, 2025: WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list. Geneva: World Health Organization. doi:10.2471/B09474. hdl:10665/382243. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  8. ↑ "BCG Vaccine: WHO position paper". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 4 (79): 27–38. January 2004. hdl:10665/232372.
  9. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (April 1996). "The role of BCG vaccine in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in the United States. A joint statement by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices" (PDF). MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 45 (RR-4): 1–18. PMID 8602127. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  10. ↑ Vaudry W (March 2003). ""To BCG or not to BCG, that is the question!". The challenge of BCG vaccination: Why can't we get it right?". Paediatrics & Child Health. 8 (3): 141–144. doi:10.1093/pch/8.3.141. PMC 2792660. PMID 20020010.
[edit | edit source]
  • BCG Vaccine at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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