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Battle of the Trench

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Battle of the Trench
battle
Part ofMuslim–Quraysh War Edit
Ein locationMedina Edit
Coordinate location24°28′0″N 39°36′0″E Edit
Point for tym insyd627 Edit
Map
Site of de Battle of de Trench, Medina

De Battle of the Trench (Arabic: غزوة الخندق, romanized: Ghazwat al-Khandaq), dem sanso know as de Battle of Khandaq (Arabic: معركة الخندق, romanized: Ma’rakah al-Khandaq) den de Battle of the Confederates (Arabic: غزوة الاحزاب, romanized: Ghazwat al-Ahzab), na e be part of de conflict between de Muslims den de Quraysh. De Quraysh advance towards de Muslims, wey defend demaselves insyd Medina by digging a trench around dema settlement at de suggestion of Salman the Persian.[1] De battle take place insyd 627 wey e last around two weeks,[2] wey result in five to six casualties wey de Muslim report, den three casualties amongst de Quraysh.[3][2][4]

De Quraysh try to launch an attack, buh soon dem realize dem get limited military capability, wey be primarily merchants. Dis prompt dem to negotiate plus de Bedouins in order to get dem to join de campaign.[5] De Banu Nadir, wey na Muhammad previously expel from Medina, na dem sanso be part of dis effort wey dem offer de Bedouins half of dema crops insyd Khaybar to persuade dem to participate.[6] Dem report dem gather a confederate force of between 7,500 den 10,000 men, wey dey include Banu Ghatafan, Banu Sulaym, den Banu Asad.[7]

Muhammad, learn of de impending Quraysh advance, take de advice of Salman de Persian make he make ein followers make a deep trench to impede de opponent ein movement.[1][8] Wen de Quraysh approach, dem be unfamiliar plus dis tactic wey dem struggle to get beyond de trench.[1] Muhammad use de time to negotiate secretly plus de Banu Ghatafan, sowing distrust among ein opponents. After about two weeks, de weather deteriorate wey de invading party withdraw.[5]

Consequently, de Muslims besiege de Qurayza, den upon de latter ein unconditional surrender, dem kill ein men wey dem enslave de women den kiddies. De battle cause de Meccans to loose dema trade to Syria den much of dema prestige.[9]

Name

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Dem name de battle after de "Trench", anaa khandaq, wey na Muslims dig in preparation for de battle as an act of defense. De word khandaq (خَندَق) be de Arabised form of de Middle Persian word kandag (کندگ; wet dey mean "that which has been dug").[10] Salman de Persian advise Muhammad to dig a trench around de city. Dem sanso refer de battle to as de Battle of Confederates (غزوة الاحزاب). De Qur'an dey use de term confederates (الاحزاب) insyd Surah Al-Ahzab 33:9-32 to denote de confederacy of non-believers den Jews against Islam.[11]

Background

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After dema expulsion from Mecca, de Muslims fight de Meccan Quraysh at de Battle of Badr insyd 624, den at de Battle of Uhud insyd 625. Although dem defeat de Muslims at de Battle of Uhud, dema strength gradually dey grow. Insyd April 626 Muhammad raise a force of 300 men den 10 horses to meet de Quraysh army of 1,000 at Badr, wer na de latter threaten to attack. Although no fighting occur, de coastal tribes be impressed plus Muslim power. Muhammad sanso try, plus limited success, to break up chaw confederacies against Muslims. Nevertheless, na he be unable to prevent de Meccan one.[12]

Islamic sources

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Apart from e be mentioned insyd de Qur'an,[13] de incident sanso be found insyd historical works by writers of de third den fourth century of de Muslim era.[14] Dese dey include de traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad, den quotes dem attribute to am (de sira den hadith literature), wich provide further information on Muhammad ein life.[15] De earliest surviving written sira (biographies of Muhammad den quotes dem attribute to am) be Ibn Ishaq ein Life of God's Messenger written sam 120 to 130 years after Muhammad ein death. Although de original work be lost, portions of am survive insyd de recensions of Ibn Hisham den Al-Tabari.[16] Anoda early source be de history of Muhammad ein campaigns by al-Waqidi (d. 823).

References

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  1. 1 2 3 Watt 1961, p. 168.
  2. 1 2 Watt 1961, p. 169.
  3. ↑ Rodgers 2012, p. 148.
  4. ↑ Hazleton 2014, p. 259.
  5. 1 2 Buhl & Welch 1993, p. 370.
  6. ↑ Watt 1961, p. 166.
  7. ↑ Watt 1961, p. 166-167.
  8. ↑ Rodgers 2012, p. 145.
  9. ↑ Watt 1961, pp. 167–174.
  10. ↑ Nomani, 1970, pp. 368–370
  11. ↑ Ibn Kathir 2003, p. 646.
  12. ↑ Watt 1956, pp. 34–37.
  13. ↑ Maududi 1967, p. 59.
  14. ↑ Watt, 1953, p. xi
  15. ↑ Reeves 2003, pp. 6–7.
  16. ↑ Donner 1998, p. 132.
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