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Begum Shahi Mosque

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Begum Shahi Mosque
mosque
Year dem found am1614 Edit
CountryPakistan Edit
Edey de administrative territorial entity insydLahore Edit
Coordinate location31°35′13″N 74°19′4″E Edit
Made from materialbrick Edit
Architectural styleIndo-Islamic architecture Edit
Category for the interior of the itemCategory:Interior of Mariyam Zamani Begum Mosque Edit
Map

Begum Shahi Mosque, officially de Mosque of Mariyam Zamani Begum, be a 17th-century mosque wey situate insyd de interior walled city of Lahore insyd Punjab, Pakistan. Mughal empress Mariam-uz-Zamani,[1][2][3][4][5][6] chief consort of Akbar construct am.[7][8] Na dem build de mosque between 1611 den 1614 during de reign of Jahangir.

Ebe Lahore ein earliest dated Mughal-era mosque.[9] Ebe known for ein exquisite fresco decoration of geometric den floral motifs dem paint for stucco, along plus inscriptions of de names of God.[1]

Na Islam teach about de oneness den infinity of God (Ahad), dat He be one wey He get divine power, wey Ein oneness be self-evident based for Ein eternity den omnipresence top. Masjids dey project de principle of tawhid by dem dey capture de concepts of God's infinity den oneness, Ein divine unity (ahadiyya), den de unity of all creation (wahdat al-wujud) insyd dema architectural designs den decorations. Na dem achieve dey use arches den domes den a regular den even division of space, wich dey reflect de harmonious patterns den cosmic unity insyd de universe. Masjid Maryam Zamani den Wazir Khan Mosques be true examples of such mosques.[10]

Background

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Na Empress Maryam Zamani, an empress of de Mughal Emperor Akbar den de mommie of Emperor Jahangir build de mosque. Na dem construct am during de early period of Jahangir, insyd 1023 A.H./1614 A.D., as dem record insyd a Persian inscription fixed for de facade of de northern gate.

Na Maryam Zamani, a Hindu princess by birth,[11][12][13] marry into a Muslim community[14][15] wey she trade for Christian dominated waterways widout dem constrain am by religious impediments. Na ein status as a sequestered financier provide am plus both de adventure of overseas trade den protection from religious restriction.[16]

Na dem know dis mosque insyd common memory as 'Begum Shahi Mosque' after one of ein titles, 'Shahi Begum' ( Empress Consort).[17]

Location

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De mosque dey locate close to de old Masti Gate of de Walled City of Lahore, opposite de eastern walls of de Lahore Fort.

History

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Na dem build dis mosque as a Jami mosque for those wey dey attend de court. Na construction begin insyd 1611 wey e last til 1614.[9] Na de mosque remain frequented for prayer by de Mughal nobility den de common man alike for more dan two hundred years til na dem turn am into a gunpowder factory.

During de Sikh rule insyd Lahore, na dem turn dis mosque into a gunpowder factory by Ranjit Singh, for wich dem know am then as Barudkhana Wali Masjid ("Gunpowder Mosque").[18][19] Na gunpowder factory dem establish insyd de mosque get a full-fledged staff working under de supervision of Jawahar Mal Mistri.

Insyd 1850 A.D., Major McGregor, then Deputy Commissioner of Lahore, restore de mosque to de Muslims, along plus shops den houses dem attach to am, wey na e acquire ein now official name, "Masjid Mariyam Zamani."[20]

Architecture

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De dome of de mosque be ornately embellished plus Mughal era frescoes.

De Mosque of Wali Nimat Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum dey represent a transitional phase of architecture wey dey feature both Mughal influences den influences from de earlier Pashtun Lodi Dynasty wich na e previously rule de region. Short domes den wide arches dey represent de earlier Lodi style, while de mosque ein balconies, side rooms, den embellishments dey insyd de Mughal style.

De mosque dey establish a style wey na dem dey see insyd subsequent Mughal mosques den buildings: a single-aisled, rectangular space dem divide into five bays.[5][21] De mosque ein exterior form dey belong to a type long popular insyd Indo-Islamic architecture.

De mosque dey feature Lahore ein first five-bay prayer chamber wey later go be typical of all later Mughal mosques such as de Wazir Khan Mosque den Badshahi Mosque. De mosque ein central bay dey insyd de style of de Persian Char Taq, wey ebe flanked by one smaller dome for either syd.[22] Na de mosque originally get 3 gateways, of wich 2 survive.

Layout

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De mosque dey cover an area of land wey dey measure 135 feet 6 inches by 127 feet 6 inches. Dem construct am of brick masonry wey dem render am plus plaster wey ebe a massive structure wey dey represent a transitional phase of de architecture between de Lodi den de Mughal periods. E get two entrances thru deeply recessed arched gateways for ein north den east syds. A flight of four steps insyd each gateway dey lead down to de main courtyard, wey dey measure 123 feet by 83 feet. Na dem originally enclose de courtyard by rows of cell for ein north den south, sam portion of wich dey exist. For de east, along de gate, be a 17 feet wide platform for wich dey stand an enclosure wey dey consist of an octagonal domed tomb den sam oda modern graves.

Insyd de center of de courtyard a tank for ablution wey dey measure 31 feet 5 inches by 26 feet 3 inches, be now much repaired. A modern roof of reinforced Badaun den elsewer insyd de subcontinent dey give an idea of dema gradual development den de perfection wich na dem achieve during de Mughal period.

Conservation

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Insyd Pakistan, na dem encroach upon de mosque by chaw shops, wey na dem obstruct views of de mosque from de Akbari Gate of de Lahore Fort by illegally constructed tire shops.[19] Insyd July 2016, de Walled City of Lahore Authority announce say dem go komot de shops, wey na dem sanso go conserve den restore de mosque.[23][21]

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  • Entry sign
    Entry sign
  • Insyd Maryam Zamani
    Insyd Maryam Zamani
  • De mosque get richly embellished muqarnas.
    De mosque get richly embellished muqarnas.
  • Dem cover de central fountain den ablution area by a new-build canopy.
    Dem cover de central fountain den ablution area by a new-build canopy.
  • Ablution area
    Ablution area

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wheeler, R. E. M. (1950). Five thousand years of Pakistan. p. 83.
  2. ↑ Schimmel, Annemarie; Waghmar, Burzine K. (2004). The empire of the great Mughals: history, art and culture. London: Reaktion Books. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-86189-185-3.
  3. ↑ Beveridge, H. (1907). The Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl Vol. 2. p. 506.
  4. ↑ "Harking back: The Empress and her two doomed pilgrim ships". 11 April 2021.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Koch, Ebba (1990). Mughal architecture. p. 83.
  6. ↑ Mughal gardens : sources, places, representations, and prospects. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. 1996. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-88402-235-0.
  7. ↑ Mehta, J.L. (1981). Advance Study in the history of Medieval India. Vol. II. Sterling Publisher Private Limited. ISBN 8120704320. Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Hindu custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise profound impact on the socio-cultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar. Salim (later Jahangir), the heir to the throne, was born of this wedlock on 30th August 1569.
  8. ↑ Hindu Shah, Muhammad Qasim. Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi. p. 223.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Begum Shahi Masjid". Pakistan Today. 12 March 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  10. ↑ Hashmi, Arsala (2018). "Philosophy of Interior Design in Mughal Era Mosques of Lahore: A case study of Maryam Zamani and Wazir Khan Mosques". Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment. 01 (2): 57. doi:10.32350/jaabe.12.04. ISSN 2617-2690. S2CID 116177297.
  11. ↑ Chandra, Satish (2007). History of Medieval India: 800-1700 (in English). Orient BlackSwan. p. 243. ISBN 978-81-250-3226-7.
  12. ↑ Eraly, Abraham; Eraly, Abraham Last spring (2000). Emperors of the peacock throne : the saga of the great Mughals. Library Genesis. New Delhi, India; New York : Penguin Books. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-14-100143-2.
  13. ↑ Mehta, Jl. Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India (in English). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 374. ISBN 978-81-207-1015-3.
  14. ↑ Collier, Dirk (2016-03-01). The Great Mughals and their India (in English). Hay House, Inc. ISBN 978-93-84544-98-0.
  15. ↑ Tirmizi, S. A. I. (1979). Edicts from the Mughal Harem (in English). Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli. p. 14.
  16. ↑ Findly, Ellison B. (1988). "The Capture of Maryam-uz-Zamānī's Ship: Mughal Women and European Traders". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 108 (2): 238. doi:10.2307/603650. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 603650. Maryam-uz- Zamani herself, however, remained untouched by the apostasy issue. There is no record of any question being raised about her position as a ship's owner under the Portuguese Pass; neither her religious status as a wife and then mother of a Muslim emperor nor the Hindu tradition of her birth seem to have been jeopardised by her involvement in sea trade in Christian waters. Rather, her position as a sequestered financier allowed her both the adventure of foreign trade and the protection from the religious restrictions such an enterprise might entail.
  17. ↑ Lowe, W. H. (1884). Muntakhab - Ut - Tawarikh Vol. 2. p. 112.
  18. ↑ Qureshi, Tania. "Masjid Mariam Zamani — the 'mother of all mosques'". Daily Times. During the Sikh era this splendid mosque was turned into a gunpowder factory and it became popular as Barood Khana Wali Masjid (the mosque with gun powder). In 1850 the British Raj handed over the mosque to the Muslims who restored it to its original glory.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "A visual delight – Maryam Zamani and Wazir Khan Mosques". Dawn. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  20. ↑ Sheikh, Majid (2018-11-25). "Harking back: 'Baroodkhana' mosque, its bazaar and the 'haveli'". DAWN.COM (in English). Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Ahmed, Shoaib (2021-10-06). "Maryam Zamani Mosque undergoing restoration". DAWN.COM (in English). Retrieved 2022-11-20.
  22. ↑ Gibb, H. A. R. (1954). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill Archive. ISBN 9004064710. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  23. ↑ "Mariam Zamani Mosque to be restored". The Nation (Pakistan). 26 July 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.

Bibliography

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Wikimedia Commons get media wey relate to Mosque of Mariyam Zamani Begum, Lahore.
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Begum_Shahi_Mosque&oldid=51942"