Bipolar disorder
| Bipolar disorder | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD),[1] bipolar illness, manic depression, manic depressive disorder, manic–depressive illness (historical), manic–depressive psychosis, circular insanity (historical), bipolar disease[2] |
 | |
| Bipolar disorder be characterized by episodes of mania anaa hypomania den depression. | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry, clinical psychology |
| Symptoms | Periods of depression den elevated mood |
| Complications | Suicide, self-harm |
| Usual onset | 25 years old |
| Types | Bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, odas |
| Causes | Environmental den genetic |
| Risk factors | Family history, childhood abuse, long-term stress |
| Differential diagnosis | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, personality disorders, schizophrenia, substance use disorder |
| Treatment | Psychotherapy, medications |
| Medication | Lithium, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants |
| Frequency | 1–3% |
Bipolar disorder (BD), dem previously know as manic depression, be a mental disorder wey be characterized by periods of depression den periods of abnormally elevated mood wey each dey last from days to weeks, wey insyd sam cases months.[3][4] If de elevated mood be severe anaa e associate plus psychosis, e be called mania; if e be less severe wey e no dey significantly affect functioning, e be called hypomania.[3] During mania, an individual dey behave anaa dey feel abnormally energetic, happy, anaa irritable,[3] wey dem often dey make impulsive decisions plus little regard for de consequences.[4] Der be usually, buh no be always, a reduced need for sleep during manic phases.[4][5][6] During periods of depression, de individual fi experience crying, wey e a negative outlook on life, den dey demonstrate poor eye contact plus odas.[3] De risk of suicide be high. Over a period of 20 years, 6% of those plus bipolar disorder die by suicide,[3] plus about one-third dey attempt suicide insyd dema lifetime.[4] Among those plus de disorder, na 40–50% overall den 78% of adolescents engage insyd self-harm.[7][8] Oda mental health issues, such as anxiety disorders den substance use disorders, commonly be associated plus bipolar disorder.[3] Na dem estimate de global prevalence of bipolar disorder e be between 1–5% of de world ein population.[9]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Gautam S, Jain A, Gautam M, Gautam A, Jagawat T (January 2019). "Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD) in Children and Adolescents". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 61 (Suppl 2): 294–305. doi:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_570_18. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 6345130. PMID 30745704.
- ↑ Coyle N, Paice JA (2015). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing. Oxford University Press, Incorporated. p. 623. ISBN 978-0-19-933234-2.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Anderson IM, Haddad PM, Scott J (December 27, 2012). "Bipolar disorder". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 345: e8508. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8508. PMID 23271744. S2CID 22156246.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 American Psychiatry Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 123–154. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
- ↑ Kaplan, Katherine A.; Harvey, Allison G. (2013). "Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia in Bipolar Disorder". American Journal of Psychiatry. 170 (7): 716–720. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12050708. ISSN 0002-953X. PMC 4185309. PMID 23820830.
- ↑ Vieira, Igor Soares; Barreto, Nathalia Tessele; Pedrotti Moreira, Fernanda; Mondin, Thaise Campos; Simjanoski, Mario; Cardoso, Taiane de Azevedo; Kapczinski, Flávio; Jansen, Karen; Souza, Luciano Dias de Mattos; da Silva, Ricardo Azevedo (2021). "Sleep alterations in individuals recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder across different mood stages". Psychiatry Research. 299: 113824. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113824. PMID 33756207.
- ↑ Zhong, Rongrong; Wang, Zuowei; Zhu, Yuncheng; Wu, XiaoHui; Wang, Xiaoping; Wu, Haishan; Zhou, Jia; Li, Xiaohong; Xu, Guiyun; Pan, Miao; Chen, Zhiyu; Li, Wenfei; Jiao, Zhian; Li, Mingli; Zhang, Yong (2024-12-15). "Prevalence and correlates of non-suicidal self-injury among patients with bipolar disorder: A multicenter study across China". Journal of Affective Disorders. 367: 333–341. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.231. ISSN 0165-0327. PMID 39233245.
- ↑ Weintraub, Marc J.; Van de Loo, Margaret M.; Gitlin, Michael J.; Miklowitz, David J. (2017). "Self-Harm, Affective Traits, and Psychosocial Functioning in Adults With Depressive and Bipolar Disorders". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (in American English). 205 (11): 896–899. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000744. ISSN 0022-3018. PMC 5679240. PMID 29077652.
- ↑ Ferrari AJ, Baxter AJ, Whiteford HA (November 2011). "A systematic review of the global distribution and availability of prevalence data for bipolar disorder". Journal of Affective Disorders. 134 (1–3): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.007. PMID 21131055.
Texts dem cite
[edit | edit source]- Brown MR, Basso MR (2004). Focus on Bipolar Disorder Research. Nova Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59454-059-2.
- Goodwin FK, Jamison KR (2007). Manic–depressive illness: bipolar disorders and recurrent depression (2nd. ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513579-4. OCLC 70929267. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
- Jamison KR (1995). An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-330-34651-1.
- Millon T (1996). Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV-TM and Beyond. New York: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-01186-6.
- Robinson DJ (2003). Reel Psychiatry: Movie Portrayals of Psychiatric Conditions. Port Huron, Michigan: Rapid Psychler Press. ISBN 978-1-894328-07-4.
External links
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Textbooks from Wikibooks
Data from Wikidata
- Goldstein BI, Birmaher B, Carlson GA, DelBello MP, Findling RL, Fristad M, Kowatch RA, Miklowitz DJ, Nery FG, Perez-Algorta G, Van Meter A, Zeni CP, Correll CU, Kim HW, Wozniak J, Chang KD, Hillegers M, Youngstrom EA (November 2017). "The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on pediatric bipolar disorder: Knowledge to date and directions for future research". Bipolar Disorders. 19 (7): 524–543. doi:10.1111/bdi.12556. PMC 5716873. PMID 28944987.
