Botulism
| Has cause | Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin group  |
|---|---|
| Health specialty | infectious diseases |
| Drug or therapy used for treatment | heptavalent botulism antitoxin, clindamycin, metronidazole, ipidacrine |
| Has natural reservoir | soil |
| WordLift URL | http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/botulism_2 |
| ICPC 2 ID | D70 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C84599 |
Botulism be a rare den potentially fatal illness wey be caused by botulinum toxin, wich be produced by de bacterium Clostridium botulinum. De disease dey begin plus weakness, blurred vision, feeling tired, den trouble speaking. Dis then fi be followed by weakness of de arms, chest muscles, den legs. Vomiting, swelling of de abdomen, den diarrhea sanso fi occur. De disease no dey usually affect consciousness anaa cause a fever.
Botulism fi occur insyd several ways. De bacterial spores wich fi cause am be common insyd both soil den water wey be very resistant. Dem dey produce de botulinum toxin wen dem expose am to low oxygen levels den certain temperatures. Foodborne botulism dey happen wen dem chop chow wey dey contain de toxin. Infant botulism instead dey happen wen de bacterium develop insyd de intestines den dey release de toxin. Dis typically dey occur insyd kiddies per less dan one year old, as protective mechanisms against development of de bacterium develop after dat age. Dem dey find wound botulism most often among those wey inject street drugs. Insyd dis situation, spores enter a wound, den insyd de absence of oxygen, release de toxin. De disease no be passed directly between people. Dem confirm ein diagnosis by finding de toxin anaa bacteria insyd de person in question.
Prevention be primarily by proper food preparation. De toxin, though no be de spores, be destroyed by heating am to more dan 85 °C (185 °F) for longer dan five minutes. De clostridial spores fi be destroyed insyd an autoclave plus moist heat (120°C/ 250°F for at least 15 minutes) anaa dry heat (160°C/ 320°F for 2 hours) anaa by irradiation. De spores of group I strains be inactivated by heating at 121°C (250°F) for 3 minutes during commercial canning. Spores of group II strains be less heat-resistant, wey dem be often damaged by 90°C (194°F) for 10 minutes, 85°C for 52 minutes, anaa 80°C for 270 minutes; however, dese treatments no fi be sufficient insyd sam chows.[1] Honey fi contain de organism, den for dis reason, honey for no be fed to kiddies under 12 months. Treatment be plus an antitoxin. Insyd those wey loose dema ability to breathe on dema own, mechanical ventilation fi be necessary for months. Dem fi use antibiotics for wound botulism. Death dey occur insyd 5 to 10% of people. Botulism sanso dey affect chaw oda animals. De word be from Latin botulus, wey dey mean 'sausage'.
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University (19 February 2024). "Botulism" (PDF).
Read further
[edit | edit source]- Rao AK, Sobel J, Chatham-Stephens K, Luquez C (May 2021). "Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Botulism, 2021". MMWR Recomm Rep. 70 (2): 1–30. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7002a1. PMC 8112830. PMID 33956777.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- WHO fact sheet on botulism
- Botulism in the United States, 1889–1996. Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians and Laboratory Technicians. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases 1998.
- NHS choices Archived 12 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- CDC Botulism: Control Measures Overview for Clinicians
- University of California, Santa Cruz Environmental toxicology – Botulism Archived 9 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- CDC Botulism FAQ
