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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

From Wikipedia
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
neurodegeneration, class of disease
Subclass oftransmissible spongiform encephalopathy, bovine disease, disease Edit
Symptoms and signsanxiety, ataxia, highly sensitive person Edit
Medical examinationwestern blot, microscopy, histology Edit
Possible treatmentnon-existence Edit

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), dem commonly know as mad cow disease, be an incurable den always fatal neurodegenerative disease of cattle.[1] Symptoms dey include abnormal behavior, trouble walking, den weight loss.[2] Later insyd de course of de disease, de cow cam be unable to function normally.[2] Der be conflicting information about de time between infection den onset of symptoms. Insyd 2002, na de World Health Organization suggest am to be approximately four to five years.[1] Time from onset of symptoms to death generally be weeks to months.[1] Dem dey believe spread to humans be result in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) anaa Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD).[3] As of 2024, na dem report a total of 233 cases of vCJD globally.[4]

Dem dey think BSE to occur secof an infection by a misfolded protein, dem know as a prion.[3][5] Dem dey believe e infect cattle by dem feed am meat-den-bone meal wey contain either de remains of cattle wey spontaneously develop de disease anaa scrapie-infected sheep products.[3][6] Na de United Kingdom be afflicted plus an outbreak of BSE den vCJD insyd de 1980s den 1990s. Na de outbreak increase thru out de UK secof de practice of feeding meat-den-bone meal to young calves of dairy cows.[3][7] Cases be suspected based on symptoms wey dem confirm by examination of de brain.[2] Cases be classified as classic anaa atypical, plus dem divide de latter into H- den L types.[2] E be a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.[8]

Efforts to prevent de disease insyd de UK dey include make dem no allow any animal older dan 30 months to enter either de human chow anaa animal feed supply.[9] Insyd continental Europe, na cattle over 30 months for be tested if dem be intended for human chow.[9] Insyd North America, tissue of concern, dem know as specified risk material, dem no fi be added to animal feed anaa pet chow.[10] Na dem kill about four million cows during de eradication programme insyd de UK.[11]

Na dem report four cases globally insyd 2017, wey na dem consider de condition to be nearly eradicated.[2] Insyd de United Kingdom, na dem diagnose more dan 184,000 cattle from 1986 to 2015, plus de peak of new cases dey occur insyd 1993.[3] Na a few thousand additional cases be reported insyd oda regions of de world.[2] In addition, dem dey believe say na several million cattle plus de condition likely enter de chow supply during de outbreak.[2]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy". WHO. November 2002. Archived from the original on 2012-12-18. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Casalone C, Hope J (2018). "Atypical and classic bovine spongiform encephalopathy". Human Prion Diseases. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 153. Elsevier. pp. 121–134. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63945-5.00007-6. ISBN 9780444639455. PMID 29887132.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "About BSE BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) Prion Diseases". CDC (in American English). 2 October 2018. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  4. ↑ "About Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)". CDC (in American English). 14 March 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  5. ↑ "Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Questions and Answers". FDA (in English). 22 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  6. ↑ Prusiner SB (May 2001). "Shattuck lecture--neurodegenerative diseases and prions". The New England Journal of Medicine. 344 (20): 1516–26. doi:10.1056/NEJM200105173442006. PMID 11357156.
  7. ↑ Nathanson N, Wilesmith J, Griot C (June 1997). "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): causes and consequences of a common source epidemic". American Journal of Epidemiology. 145 (11): 959–69. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009064. PMID 9169904.
  8. ↑ "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)". WHO. Archived from the original on 9 March 2005. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  9. 1 2 "Control Measures BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) Prion Diseases". CDC (in American English). 2 October 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  10. ↑ "Feed Bans BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) | Prion Diseases". CDC (in American English). 2 October 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  11. ↑ "'All steps taken' after BSE diagnosis". BBC News. 23 October 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
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