Breast cancer

breast cancer

class of disease, signs den symptoms

Subclass of	thoracic cancer, breast disease, breast neoplasm, disease
Facet give	women's health
Studied by	breast cancer research
Health specialty	oncology
Medical examination	MammaPrint
Anatomical location	female breast
Risk factor	smoking
Handled, mitigated, or managed by	breast cancer management
ICPC 2 ID	X76
Criterion used	transforming growth factor

Breast cancer be a cancer wey dey develop from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer fi include: a lump insyd de breast, a change insyd breast shape, dimpling of de skin, milk rejection, fluid dey cam from de nipple, a newly inverted nipple, anaa a red anaa scaly patch of skin. Insyd those plus distant spread of de disease, der fi be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, anaa yellow skin.

Risk factors for developing breast cancer dey include obesity, a lack of physical exercise, alcohol consumption, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, an early age at first menstruation, having kiddies late insyd life (anaa not at all), older age, having a prior history of breast cancer, den a family history of breast cancer. About five to ten percent of cases be de result of an inherited genetic predisposition, wey dey include BRCA mutations among odas. Breast cancer most commonly dey develop insyd cells from de lining of milk ducts den de lobules wey supply dese ducts plus milk. Cancers wey dey develop from de ducts be known as ductal carcinomas, while those wey dey develope from lobules be known as lobular carcinomas. Der be more dan 18 oda sub-types of breast cancer. De diagnosis of breast cancer be confirmed by taking a biopsy of de concerning tissue. Once dem make de diagnosis, further tests be carried out to determine if de cancer spread beyond de breast den wich treatments be most likely to be effective.

Breast cancer screening fi be instrumental, given say de size of a breast cancer den ein spread be among de most critical factors in predicting de prognosis of de disease. Breast cancers dem find during screening typically be smaller den less likely to have spread outsyd de breast. Training health workers make dem do clinical breast examination fi get potential to detect breast cancer at an early stage. A 2013 Cochrane review find say na e be unclear whether mammographic screening dey do more harm dan good, in dat a large proportion of women wey test positive turn out dem no get de disease. A 2009 review for de US Preventive Services Task Force find evidence of benefit insyd those 40 to 70 years of age, den de organization dey recommend screening every two years insyd women ages 50 to 74.

De medications tamoxifen anaa raloxifene fi be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer insyd those wey be at high risk of developing am. Surgical removal of both breasts be anoda preventive measure insyd sam high risk women. Insyd those wey be diagnosed plus cancer, several treatments fi be used, wey dey include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, den targeted therapy. Types of surgery dey vary from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy. Breast reconstruction fi take place at de time of surgery anaa at a later date. Insyd those in whom de cancer spread to oda parts of de body, treatments be mostly aimed at improving quality of life den comfort.

Outcomes give breast cancer dey vary dey depend on de cancer type, de extent of disease, den de person ein age. De five-year survival rates insyd United States den insyd de UK be over 90%. In developing countries, five-year survival rates be lower. Worldwide, breast cancer be de leading type of cancer insyd women, wey dey account for 25% of all cases. Insyd 2018, e result in two million new cases den 627,000 deaths. E be more common insyd developed countries, wey be more dan 100 times more common insyd women dan insyd men.