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Bronchitis

From Wikipedia
bronchitis
class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofbronchospasm, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory signs and symptoms, disease Edit
Health specialtypulmonology Edit
ICD-9-CM490, 466.0, 491, 491.9, 491.8 Edit
ICPC 2 IDR78 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC2911 Edit

Bronchitis be inflammation of de bronchi (large den medium-sized airways) insyd de lungs wey dey cause coughing. Bronchitis usually dey begin as an infection insyd de nose, ears, throat, anaa sinuses. De infection then dey make ein way down to de bronchi. Symptoms dey include coughing up sputum, wheezing, shortness of breath, den chest pain. Bronchitis fi be acute anaa chronic.[1]

Acute bronchitis usually get a cough wey dey last around three weeks,[2] wey dem sanso know as a chest cold.[3] Insyd more dan 90% of cases, de cause be a viral infection.[2] Dese viruses fi be spread thru de air wen people cough anaa by direct contact.[4] A small number of cases be caused by a bacterial infection such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae anaa Bordetella pertussis.[2] Risk factors dey include exposure to tobacco smoke, dust, den oda air pollution.[4] Treatment of acute bronchitis typically dey involve rest, paracetamol (acetaminophen), den nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to help plus de fever.[5][6]

Chronic bronchitis be defined as a productive cough – one wey dey produce sputum – wey dey last for three months anaa more per year for at least two years.[7] Chaw people plus chronic bronchitis sanso get chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[8] Tobacco smoking be de most common cause, plus a number of oda factors such as air pollution den genetics dey play a smaller role.[9] Treatments dey include quitting smoking, vaccinations, rehabilitation, den often inhaled bronchodilators den steroids.[10] Sam people fi benefit from long-term oxygen therapy.[10]

Acute bronchitis be one of de more common diseases.[5][11] About 5% of adults den 6% of kiddies get at least one episode a year.[12][13] Acute bronchitis be de most common type of bronchitis.[14] By contrast insyd de United States, insyd 2018, na dem diagnose 9.3 million people plus de less common chronic bronchitis.[15][16]

References

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  1. ↑ "Bronchitis". NHLBI. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 Kin, S (1 October 2016). "Acute Bronchitis". American Family Physician. 94 (7): 560–565. PMID 27929206.
  3. ↑ "Antibiotics Aren't Always the Answer". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in American English). 25 September 2017.
  4. 1 2 "What Is Bronchitis?". August 4, 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  5. 1 2 Tackett, KL; Atkins, A (December 2012). "Evidence-based acute bronchitis therapy". Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 25 (6): 586–90. doi:10.1177/0897190012460826. PMID 23076965. S2CID 37651935.
  6. ↑ "How Is Bronchitis Treated?". August 4, 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
  7. ↑ Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD (PDF). 2018. pp. 4–5, 25. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  8. ↑ Reilly, John J.; Silverman, Edwin K.; Shapiro, Steven D. (2011). "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". In Longo, Dan; Fauci, Anthony; Kasper, Dennis; Hauser, Stephen; Jameson, J.; Loscalzo, Joseph (eds.). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (18th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 2151–9. ISBN 978-0-07-174889-6.
  9. ↑ Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M (April 2012). "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Lancet. 379 (9823): 1341–51. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1000.1967. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9. PMC 7172377. PMID 22314182.
  10. 1 2 Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Zielinski J (September 2007). "Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 176 (6): 532–55. doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO. hdl:2066/51740. PMID 17507545. S2CID 20863981.
  11. ↑ Braman, SS (January 2006). "Chronic cough due to acute bronchitis: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines". Chest. 129 (1 Suppl): 95S – 103S. doi:10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.95S. PMC 7094612. PMID 16428698.
  12. ↑ Wenzel, RP; Fowler, AA III (16 November 2006). "Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (20): 2125–30. doi:10.1056/nejmcp061493. PMID 17108344.
  13. ↑ Fleming, DM; Elliot, AJ (March 2007). "The management of acute bronchitis in children". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 8 (4): 415–26. doi:10.1517/14656566.8.4.415. PMID 17309336. S2CID 46247982.
  14. ↑ "Bronchitis". WebMD (in English). Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  15. ↑ "FastStats". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in American English). 23 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  16. ↑ Villarroel, MA; Blackwell, DL; Jen, A (2019), "Summary Health Statistics: National Health Interview Survey, 2018" (PDF), ftp.cdc.gov (in American English), retrieved 22 March 2020
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