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Bubonic plague

From Wikipedia
bubonic plague
class of disease
Subclass ofplague, lymph node disease, disease Edit
Has causeYersinia pestis Edit
Has effectBlack Death, Great Plague of 1738, third plague pandemic Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases Edit
Symptoms and signschills, prostration Edit
Drug or therapy used for treatmentXadani, gentamicin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin Edit
Anatomical locationlymph node Edit
ICD-9-CM020.0 Edit
ICPC 2 IDA78 Edit

Bubonic plague be one of three types of plague wey de bacterium Yersinia pestis cause.[1] One to seven days after exposure to de bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop.[1] Dese symptoms dey include fever, headaches, den vomiting,[1] as well as swollen den painful lymph nodes dey occur insyd de area closest to wer na de bacteria enter de skin.[2] Acral necrosis, de dark discoloration of skin, be anoda symptom. Occasionally, swollen lymph nodes, dem know as "buboes", fi break open.[1]

De three types of plague be de result of de route of infection: bubonic plague, septicemic plague, den pneumonic plague.[1] Bubonic plague mainly be spread by infected fleas from small animals.[1] E sanso fi be result from exposure to de body fluids from a dead plague-infected animal.[3] Mammals such as rabbits, hares, den sam cat species be susceptible to bubonic plague, den typically die upon contraction.[4] Insyd de bubonic form of plague, de bacteria enter thru de skin thru a flea bite den travel via de lymphatic vessels to a lymph node, wey dey cause am to swell.[1] Dem dey make diagnosis by finding de bacteria insyd de blood, sputum, anaa fluid from lymph nodes.[1]

Prevention be thru public health measures such as no dey handle dead animals insyd areas wer plague be common.[1][5] While na vaccines against de plague be developed, de World Health Organization dey recommend say only high-risk groups, such as certain laboratory personnel den health care workers, get inoculated.[1] Chaw antibiotics be effective for treatment, wey dey include streptomycin, gentamicin, den doxycycline.[6][7]

Widout treatment, plague dey result in de death of 30% to 90% of those infected.[1][6] Death, if e occur, typically be within 10 days.[8] Plus treatment, de risk of death be around 10%.[6] Globally between 2010 den 2015 na der be 3,248 documented cases, wich result insyd 584 deaths.[1] De countries plus de greatest number of cases be de Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, den Peru.[1]

De plague be considered de likely cause of de Black Death wey sweep thru Asia, Europe, den Africa insyd de 14th century wey e kill an estimated 50 million people,[1][9] wey dey include about 25% to 60% of de European population.[1][10] Secof na de plague kill chaw of de working population, na wages rise secof de demand for labor.[10] Sam historians see dis as a turning point insyd European economic development.[10] Dem sanso consider de disease e be responsible for de Plague of Justinian, wey dey originate insyd de Eastern Roman Empire insyd de 6th century CE, as well as de third epidemic, wey dey affect China, Mongolia, den India, wey dey originate insyd de Yunnan Province insyd 1855.[11] Na dem derive de term bubonic from de Greek word βουβών, wey dey mean 'groin'.[12]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 World Health Organization (November 2014). "Plague Fact sheet N°267". Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  2. ↑ "Plague Symptoms". 13 June 2012. Archived from the original on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  3. ↑ "Plague Ecology and Transmission". 13 June 2012. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  4. ↑ Edman BF, Eldridge JD (2004). Medical Entomology a Textbook on Public Health and Veterinary Problems Caused by Arthropods (Rev. ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 390. ISBN 978-94-007-1009-2. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  5. ↑ McMichael AJ (August 2010). "Paleoclimate and bubonic plague: a forewarning of future risk?". BMC Biology. 8 (1) 108. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-108. PMC 2929224. PMID 24576348.
  6. 1 2 3 Prentice MB, Rahalison L (April 2007). "Plague". Lancet. 369 (9568): 1196–1207. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60566-2. PMID 17416264. S2CID 208790222.
  7. ↑ "Plague Resources for Clinicians". 13 June 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  8. ↑ Keyes DC (2005). Medical response to terrorism: preparedness and clinical practice. Philadelphia [u.a.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7817-4986-2. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  9. ↑ Haensch S, Bianucci R, Signoli M, Rajerison M, Schultz M, Kacki S, et al. (October 2010). "Distinct clones of Yersinia pestis caused the black death". PLOS Pathogens. 6 (10) e1001134. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001134. PMC 2951374. PMID 20949072.
  10. 1 2 3 "Plague History". 13 June 2012. Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  11. ↑ Cohn SK (2008). "Epidemiology of the Black Death and successive waves of plague". Medical History. Supplement. 52 (27): 74–100. doi:10.1017/S0025727300072100. PMC 2630035. PMID 18575083.
  12. ↑ LeRoux N (2007). Martin Luther As Comforter: Writings on Death Volume 133 of Studies in the History of Christian Traditions. Brill. p. 247. ISBN 978-90-04-15880-1. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
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