Bulgaria

Bulgaria

country, unitary state, sovereign state

Part of	Eastern Europe, European Union, European Economic Area
Year dem found am	13 July 1878
Native label	България
Short name	🇧🇬
IPA transcription	bɐlˈɡarʲɪjə
Dem name after	Bulgars
Official language	Bulgarian
Anthem	Mila Rodino
Culture	culture of Bulgaria
Motto	Unity makes strength
Motto text	A discovery to share, Darganfyddiad i'w rannu
Continent	Europe
Country	Bulgaria
Capital	Sofia
Located in time zone	UTC+02:00
Located in or next to body of water	Black Sea
Located in/on physical feature	Balkans
Coordinate location	42°45′0″N 25°30′0″E
Coordinates of easternmost point	43°32′30″N 28°36′33″E
Coordinates of northernmost point	44°13′12″N 22°40′12″E
Coordinates of southernmost point	41°14′8″N 25°17′6″E
Coordinates of westernmost point	42°18′42″N 22°21′36″E
Highest point	Musala
Lowest point	Black Sea
Government ein basic form	parliamentary republic
Office held by head of state	President of Bulgaria
State ein head	Rumen Radev
Office head of government hold	Prime Minister of Bulgaria
Government ein head	Rosen Zhelyazkov
Has cabinet	Council of Ministers of Bulgaria
Executive body	Government of Bulgaria
Legislative body	National Assembly of Bulgaria
Central bank	Bulgarian National Bank
Currency	Bulgarian lev
Twinned administrative body	Toyoake
Driving side	right
Electrical plug type	Europlug, Schuko
Dey replace	People's Republic of Bulgaria
Language dem use	Bulgarian Sign Language, Bulgarian, Turkish, Romani
Dema official website	http://www.government.bg/
Hashtag	Bulgaria
Top-level Internet domain	.bg, .бг
Flag	flag of Bulgaria
Coat of arms	Coat of arms of Bulgaria
Official symbol	lion
Geography of topic	geography of Bulgaria
Get characteristic	free country
History of topic	history of Bulgaria
Railway traffic side	right
Open data portal	Bulgarien Data portal
Economy of topic	economy of Bulgaria
Demographics of topic	demographics of Bulgaria
Official observer status in organisation	European Space Agency
Mobile country code	284
Country calling code	+359
Trunk prefix	0
Emergency phone number	112
GS1 country code	380
Licence plate code	BG
Maritime identification digits	207
Unicode character	🇧🇬
Category for honorary citizens of entity	Q6609795
Category for maps or plans	Category:Maps of Bulgaria

Bulgaria, wey dem dey officially call de Republic of Bulgaria, be country wey dey Southeast Europe. E dey for de eastern part of de Balkans, directly south of de Danube River den west of de Black Sea. Bulgaria get Greece den Turkey for de south, Serbia den North Macedonia for de west, den Romania for de north. De country ein land size be 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), wey make am de sixteenth-largest country for Europe. De capital den biggest city be Sofia, but some big cities be Burgas, Plovdiv, den Varna.

One of de earliest civilizations for de modern-day Bulgaria area be de Karanovo culture (6,500 BC). Between de 6th den 3rd century BC, Thracians, Persians, Celts, den Macedonians dey battle for de region inside. Stability come wey de Roman Empire conquer de area for AD 45. But after Rome collapse, plenty tribal invasions start again. Around de 6th century, early Slavs settle for de area inside. Later, de Bulgars under Asparuh invade de Balkans from Old Great Bulgaria, den by 681 AD, dem form de First Bulgarian Empire, wey Byzantine Empire recognize. Dis empire control most parts of de Balkans den e help spread Slavic culture, plus dem create de Cyrillic script. De First Bulgarian Empire last till de early 11th century, wey Byzantine emperor Basil II conquer am. But for 1185, Bulgarians rebel den form de Second Bulgarian Empire, wey reach ein peak under Ivan Asen II (1218–1241). However, plenty wars den internal problems make de empire collapse, den by 1396, Bulgaria fall under Ottoman rule for almost 500 years.

De Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 lead to de creation of de third Bulgarian state, wey officially gain independence from de Ottoman Empire for 1908. But plenty ethnic Bulgarians still dey outside de new country ein borders, wey cause irredentist feelings, making dem enter conflicts plus neighbours den later align plus Germany for both world wars. For 1946, Bulgaria join de Soviet-led Eastern Bloc den turn socialist state. De ruling Communist Party lose ein full control after de 1989 revolutions, wey bring multiparty elections den democracy.

Since dem adopt democratic constitution for 1991, Bulgaria turn unitary parliamentary republic with 28 provinces. De country get high-income market economy, wey dey depend on services, manufacturing, mining, den agriculture. Bulgaria ein economy plus foreign relations dey influenced by ein position as a transit route for natural gas den oil pipelines, plus ein strategic location for de Black Sea. E be EU den NATO member, wey e shape ein global relations.

e participation are a legacy of the Socialist era.

Largest cities

[edit | edit source]

Largest cities anaa towns insyd Bulgaria 2023 official estimates
Rank	Name	Province	Pop.	Rank	Name	Province	Pop.
1	Sofia	Sofia-Capital	1,196,806	11	Pernik	Pernik	66,261
2	Plovdiv	Plovdiv	325,485	12	Haskovo	Haskovo	63,776
3	Varna	Varna	314,607	13	Blagoevgrad	Blagoevgrad	62,346
4	Burgas	Burgas	188,114	14	Yambol	Yambol	59,755
5	Ruse	Ruse	122,116	15	Veliko Tarnovo	Veliko Tarnovo	59,331
6	Stara Zagora	Stara Zagora	121,207	16	Pazardzhik	Pazardzhik	54,652
7	Pleven	Pleven	89,030	17	Vratsa	Vratsa	48,406
8	Sliven	Sliven	78,627	18	Asenovgrad	Plovdiv	45,474
9	Dobrich	Dobrich	70,411	19	Gabrovo	Gabrovo	44,232
10	Shumen	Shumen	67,300	20	Kazanlak	Stara Zagora	41,768

Bibliography

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  • "The Economy". Chapter 3. Archived from the original on 20 September 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
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• Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2009). Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe: Gender, Ethnicity and the Transformation of Islam in Postsocialist Bulgaria. Princeton University Press.
• Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2005). The Red Riviera: Gender, Tourism and Postsocialism on the Black Sea. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-3662-4.
• Golden, Peter Benjamin (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-03274-2.
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• Дончев (Donchev), Дончо (Doncho); Каракашев (Karakashev), Христо (Hristo) (2004). Теми по физическа и социално-икономическа география на България (Topics on Physical and Social-Economic Geography of Bulgaria) (in Bulgarian). София (Sofia): Ciela. ISBN 954-649-717-7.

External links

• Bulgaria at UCB Libraries GovPubs.
• Geographic data related to Bulgaria at OpenStreetMap
• Bulgaria Profile from Balkan Insight
• President of The Republic of Bulgaria