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Burn

From Wikipedia
burn
signs den symptoms
Subclass ofinjury, clinical sign Edit
Health specialtyemergency medicine Edit
Drug or therapy used for treatmentbenzocaine, silver sulfadiazine, lidocaine, ferric subsulfate, silver nitrate Edit
ICPC 2 IDS14 Edit

A burn be an injury to skin, anaa oda tissues, wey heat, electricity, chemicals, friction, anaa ionizing radiation (such as sunburn cause, wey ultraviolet radiation cause).[1][2] Chaw burns be thermal burns wey contact plus heat from hot fluids cause (dem call scalding), solids, anaa fire.[3] Burns dey occur mainly insyd de home anaa de workplace. Insyd de home, risks be associated plus domestic kitchens, wey dey include stoves, flames, den hot liquids.[4] Insyd de workplace, risks be associated plus fire den chemical den electric burns.[4] Alcoholism den smoking be oda risk factors.[4] Burns sanso fi occur as a result of self-harm anaa violence between people (assault).[4]

Burns wey affect only de superficial skin layers be known as superficial anaa first-degree burns.[5][6] Dem appear red widout blisters, den pain typically dey last around three days.[5][6] Wen de injury extend into sam of de underlying skin layer, e be a partial-thickness anaa second-degree burn.[5] Blisters be frequently present wey dem often be very painful.[5] Healing fi require up to eight weeks den scarring fi occur.[5] Insyd a full-thickness anaa third-degree burn, de injury extend to all layers of de skin.[5] Often der be no pain den de burnt area be stiff.[5] Healing typically no dey occur on ein own.[5] A fourth-degree burn additionally dey involve injury to deeper tissues, such as muscle, tendons, anaa bone.[5] De burn often be black den frequently dey lead to loss of de burned part.[5][7]

Burns be generally preventable.[8] Treatment dey depend on de severity of de burn.[5] Superficial burns fi be managed plus little more dan simple pain medication, while major burns fi require prolonged treatment insyd specialized burn centers.[5] Cooling plus tap water fi help pain den decrease damage; however, prolonged cooling fi result in low body temperature.[5][6] Partial-thickness burns fi require cleaning plus soap den water, followed by dressings.[5] E no be clear how to manage blisters, buh e probably be reasonable to leave dem intact if small den drain dem if large.[5] Full-thickness burns usually dey require surgical treatments, such as skin grafting.[5] Extensive burns often dey require large amounts of intravenous fluid, secof capillary fluid leakage den tissue swelling.[6] De most common complications of burns dey involve infection.[9] Tetanus toxoid for be given if no be up to date.[5]

Insyd 2015, fire den heat result in 67 million injuries.[10] Dis result in about 2.9 million hospitalizations den 176,000 deaths.[11][12] Among women insyd much of de world, burns most commonly be related to de use of open cooking fires anaa unsafe cook stoves.[8] Among men, dem be more likely a result of unsafe workplace conditions.[8] Chaw deaths secof burns dey occur insyd de developing world, particularly insyd Southeast Asia.[8] While large burns fi be fatal, treatments dem develop since 1960 improve outcomes, especially insyd kiddies den young adults.[13] Insyd de United States, approximately 96% of those dem admit to a burn center survive dema injuries.[14] De long-term outcome be related to de size of burn den de age of de person dem affect.[5]

References

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  1. ↑ Herndon D, ed. (2012). "Chapter 4: Prevention of Burn Injuries". Total burn care (4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-4377-2786-9.
  2. ↑ Moore, Keith (2014). Clinically Oriented Anatomy (in English) (7th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 45. ISBN 978-1-4511-1945-9.
  3. ↑ "Burns Fact sheet N°365". WHO. April 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-11-10. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Burns". World Health Organization. September 2016. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. pp. 1374–1386. ISBN 978-0-07-148480-0.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Granger, Joyce (Jan 2009). "An Evidence-Based Approach to Pediatric Burns". Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice. 6 (1). Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.
  7. ↑ Ferri, Fred F. (2012). Ferri's netter patient advisor (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-4557-2826-8. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Burns". World Health Organization. September 2016. Archived from the original on 21 July 2017. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  9. ↑ Herndon D, ed. (2012). "Chapter 3: Epidemiological, Demographic, and Outcome Characteristics of Burn Injury". Total burn care (4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-4377-2786-9.
  10. ↑ Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". The Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  11. ↑ Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber R, Bhutta Z, Carter A, et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". The Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  12. ↑ Haagsma JA, Graetz N, Bolliger I, Naghavi M, Higashi H, Mullany EC, et al. (February 2016). "The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013". Injury Prevention. 22 (1): 3–18. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041616. PMC 4752630. PMID 26635210.
  13. ↑ Herndon D, ed. (2012). "Chapter 1: A Brief History of Acute Burn Care Management". Total burn care (4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4377-2786-9.
  14. ↑ "Burn Incidence and Treatment in the United States: 2012 Fact Sheet". American Burn Association. 2012. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
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