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Caesarean section

From Wikipedia
cesarean section
medical procedure
Subclass ofparturition, surgical operation, abdominal surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology Edit
Facet givewomen's health Edit
Dem name afterJulius Caesar Edit
Discoverer or inventorChanakya Edit
Time of discovery anaa invention320 BCE Edit
Medically indicated in case ofmalpresentation of fetus, fetal distress Edit
WordLift URLhttp://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/cesarean_section_2 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC46088 Edit

Caesarean section, dem sanso know as C-section, cesarean, anaa caesarean delivery, be de surgical procedure by wich one anaa more babies be delivered thru an incision insyd de mommie ein abdomen. Dem often dey perform am secof vaginal delivery go put de mommie anaa kiddie at risk (of paralysis anaa even death).[1] Reasons for de operation dey include, buh no be limited to, obstructed labor, twin pregnancy, high blood pressure insyd de mommie, breech birth, shoulder presentation, den problems plus de placenta anaa umbilical cord.[1][2] A caesarean delivery fi be performed based upon de shape of de mommie ein pelvis anaa history of a previous C-section.[1][2] A trial of vaginal birth after C-section fi be possible.[1] De World Health Organization dey recommend say caesarean section be performed only wen e be medically necessary.[2][3]

A C-section typically dey take between 45 minutes to an hour to complete.[1] E fi be done plus a spinal block, wer de woman be awake, anaa under general anesthesia.[1] Dem dey use a urinary catheter to drain de bladder, den de skin of de abdomen be then cleaned plus an antiseptic.[1] An incision of about 15 cm (5.9 in) be then typically made thru de mommie ein lower abdomen.[1] De uterus be then opened plus a second incision den de baby delivered.[1] De incisions be then stitched closed.[1] A woman fi typically begin dey breastfeed as soon as she be out of de operating room den awake.[4] Often, several days be required insyd de hospital to recover sufficiently to return home.[1]

C-sections dey result in a small overall increase insyd poor outcomes insyd low-risk pregnancies.[2] Dem sanso typically dey take about six weeks to heal from, longer dan vaginal birth.[1] De increased risks dey include breathing problems insyd de baby den amniotic fluid embolism den postpartum bleeding insyd de mommie.[2] Established guidelines dey recommend say make dem no use caesarean sections before 39 weeks of pregnancy widout a medical reason.[5] De method of delivery no dey appear to affect subsequent sexual function.[6]

Insyd 2012, na dem do about 23 million C-sections globally.[7] Na de international healthcare community previously consider de rate of 10% den 15% ideal for caesarean sections.[3] Sam evidence dey find a higher rate of 19% fi result in better outcomes.[7] More dan 45 countries globally get C-section rates less dan 7.5%, while more dan 50 get rates greater dan 27%.[7] Dem dey make efforts to both improve access to den reduce de use of C-section.[7] Insyd de United States as of 2017, about 32% of deliveries be by C-section.[8]

Na dem perform de surgery at least as far back as 715 BC dey follow de death of de mommie, plus de baby occasionally dey survive.[9] A popular idea be dat na de Roman statesman Julius Caesar be born via caesarean section wey e be de namesake of de procedure, buh if dis be de true etymology, e be based on a misconception: til de modern era, C-sections seem to be e be invariably fatal to de mommie, den Caesar ein mommie Aurelia no survive ein son ein birth per buh she live for nearly 50 years afterward.[10][11] Der be chaw ancient den medieval legends, oral histories, den historical records of laws about C-sections around de world, especially insyd Europe, de Middle East den Asia.[12][13] Na de first recorded successful C-section (wer na both de mommie den de infant survive) be allegedly performed on a woman insyd Switzerland insyd 1500 by ein husbie, Jacob Nufer, though na dem no record dis til 8 decades later.[12] Plus de introduction of antiseptics den anesthetics insyd de 19th century, de survival of both de mommie den baby, den thus de procedure, cam be significantly more common.[9][14]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Pregnancy Labor and Birth". Office on Women's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1 February 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery". American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
  3. 1 2 "WHO Statement on Caesarean Section Rates" (PDF). 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  4. ↑ Lauwers J, Swisher A (2010). "Hospital Practices that Support Breast Feeding". Counseling the Nursing Mother: A Lactation Consultant's Guide (in English). Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 274. ISBN 978-1-4496-1948-0. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
  5. ↑ American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, archived from the original on 1 September 2013, retrieved 1 August 2013
  6. ↑ Yeniel AO, Petri E (January 2014). "Pregnancy, childbirth, and sexual function: perceptions and facts". International Urogynecology Journal. 25 (1): 5–14. doi:10.1007/s00192-013-2118-7. PMID 23812577. S2CID 2638969.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Molina G, Weiser TG, Lipsitz SR, Esquivel MM, Uribe-Leitz T, Azad T, Shah N, Semrau K, Berry WR, Gawande AA, Haynes AB (December 2015). "Relationship Between Cesarean Delivery Rate and Maternal and Neonatal Mortality". JAMA. 314 (21): 2263–2270. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15553. PMID 26624825.
  8. ↑ "Births: Provisional Data for 2017" (PDF). CDC. May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-05-17. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  9. 1 2 Moore MC, de Costa C (2004). "A Brief History of Cesarean Section". Cesarean Section: Understanding and Celebrating Your Baby's Birth (in English). JHU Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-8018-8133-6.
  10. ↑ Meehan, F. P. (January 1988). "Caesarean section-past, present and what of the future?". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 8 (3): 201–205. doi:10.3109/01443618809012284. ISSN 0144-3615.
  11. ↑ "Cesarean Section - A Brief History preface". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
  12. 1 2 Dhakal-Rai, Sulochana; van Teijlingen, Edwin; Regmi, P.; Wood, Juliet; Dangal, G.; Dhakal, K. B. (2021-10-10). "A brief history and indications for cesarean section". Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences (in English). 8 (3): e1 – e10. doi:10.3126/jpahs.v8i3.27657. ISSN 2091-2749.
  13. ↑ Hillan, E M (October 1991). "Caesarean Section: Historical Background". Scottish Medical Journal (in English). 36 (5): 150–154. doi:10.1177/003693309103600511. ISSN 0036-9330. PMID 1788548.
  14. ↑ "The Truth About Julius Caesar and "Caesarean" Sections". 25 October 2013.
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