Cataract
| Subclass of | lens disease, monogenic disease, disease, eye disease  |
|---|---|
| Health specialty | ophthalmology |
| Symptoms and signs | visual impairment, glare, diplopia |
| Medical examination | eye examination |
| Possible treatment | intraocular lens, cataract glasses, cataract surgery |
| Genetic association | GJA8 |
| ICD-9-CM | 366.8 |
| ICPC 2 ID | F92 |
A cataract be a cloudy area insyd de lens of de eye wey dey impair vision.[1][2] Cataracts often dey develop slowly wey fi affect one anaa both eyes.[1] Symptoms fi include faded colors, blurry anaa double vision, halos around light, trouble plus bright lights, den difficulty seeing at night.[1] Dis fi result in difficulty driving, reading, den recognizing faces.[3] Poor vision wey be caused by cataracts sanso fi result in an increased risk of falling den depression.[4] Insyd 2020 cataracts cause 39.6% of all cases of blindness den 28.3% of visual impairment worldwide. Cataracts remain de single most common cause of global blindness.[5]
Cataracts most commonly be secof aging buh sanso fi be secof trauma anaa radiation exposure, be present from birth anaa occur dey follow eye surgery for oda problems.[1][6] Risk factors dey include diabetes, longstanding use of corticosteroid medication, smoking tobacco, prolonged exposure to sunlight den alcohol.[1] In addition, poor nutrition, obesity, chronic kidney disease den autoimmune diseases be recognized insyd various studies as contributing to de development of cataracts.[7] Cataract formation primarily be driven by oxidative stress, wich dey damage lens proteins, wey dey lead to dema aggregation den de accumulation of clumps of protein anaa yellow-brown pigment insyd de lens.[8] Dis dey reduce de transmission of light to de retina at de back of de eye, impairing vision. Additionally, alterations insyd de lens ein metabolic processes, wey dey include imbalances insyd calcium den oda ions, contribute to cataract development.[9][1] Diagnosis typically be thru an eye examination,[1] plus ophthalmoscopy den slit-lamp examination be de most effective methods. During ophthalmoscopy, de pupil be dilated, den de red reflex be examined for any opacities insyd de lens. Slit-lamp examination dey provide further details on de characteristics, location, den extent of de cataract.[10]
Wearing sunglasses plus UV protection den a wide brimmed hat, eating leafy vegetables den fruits den dey avoid smoking fi reduce de risk of developing cataracts anaa slow de process.[1][11] Early on, de symptoms fi be improved plus glasses.[1] If dis no dey help, surgery to remove de cloudy lens den replace am plus an artificial lens be de only effective treatment.[1] Cataract surgery no be readily available insyd chaw countries, wey surgery dey hia only if de cataracts dey cause problems den generally dey result in an improved quality of life.[1][6][12][13]
About 20 million people worldwide be blind owing to cataracts.[6] Dem be de cause of approximately 5% of blindness insyd de United States den nearly 60% of blindness insyd parts of Africa den South America.[13] Blindness from cataracts dey occur insyd 10 to 40 per 100,000 kiddies insyd de developing world den 1 to 4 per 100,000 kiddies insyd de developed world.[14] Cataracts cam be more common plus age.[1] Insyd de United States, cataracts dey occur insyd 68% of those over de age of 80 years.[15] Dem be more common insyd women den less common insyd Hispanic den Black people.[15]
Causes
[edit | edit source]Age
[edit | edit source]Trauma
[edit | edit source]Radiation
[edit | edit source]Genetics
[edit | edit source]Skin diseases
[edit | edit source]Smoking den alcohol
[edit | edit source]Inadequate vitamin C
[edit | edit source]Medications
[edit | edit source]Post-operative
[edit | edit source]Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
[edit | edit source]Oda diseases
[edit | edit source]- Metabolic den nutritional diseases
- Aminoaciduria anaa Lowe's syndrome
- Cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis
- Diabetes mellitus
- Fabry's disease
- Galactosemia / galactosemic cataract
- Homocystinuria
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypervitaminosis D
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypocalcaemia
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Wilson's disease
- Congenital
- Congenital syphilis
- Cytomegalic inclusion disease
- Rubella
- Cockayne syndrome
- Genetic syndromes
- Down syndrome
- Patau syndrome
- Edwards syndrome
- Infections:
- Cysticercosis
- Leprosy
- Onchocerciasis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Varicella
- Secondary to oda eye diseases:
- Retinopathy of prematurity
- Aniridia
- Uveitis
- Retinal detachment
- Retinitis pigmentosa
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Facts About Cataract". September 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ↑ Wilson Jr., M. Edward; Trivedi, Rupal H.; Pandey, Suresh K. (2005). Pediatric cataract surgery techniques, complications, and management (in English). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7817-4307-5. Archived from the original on 2015-05-24.
- ↑ Allen D, Vasavada A (July 2006). "Cataract and surgery for cataract". BMJ. 333 (7559): 128–132. doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7559.128. PMC 1502210. PMID 16840470.
- ↑ Gimbel HV, Dardzhikova AA (January 2011). "Consequences of waiting for cataract surgery". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 22 (1): 28–30. doi:10.1097/icu.0b013e328341425d. PMID 21076306. S2CID 205670956.
- ↑ Pesudovs, Konrad; Lansingh, Van Charles; Kempen, John H.; Tapply, Ian; Fernandes, Arthur G.; Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria; Arrigo, Alessandro; Leveziel, Nicolas; Resnikoff, Serge; Taylor, Hugh R.; Sedighi, Tabassom; Flaxman, Seth; Bikbov, Mukkharram M.; Braithwaite, Tasanee; Bron, Alain (August 2024). "Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020". Eye (in English). 38 (11): 2156–2172. doi:10.1038/s41433-024-02961-1. ISSN 1476-5454. PMC 11269584. PMID 38461217.
- 1 2 3 "Priority eye diseases". Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
- ↑ Ang, Michael J.; Afshari, Natalie A. (2021). "Cataract and systemic disease: A review". Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology (in English). 49 (2): 118–127. doi:10.1111/ceo.13892. ISSN 1442-9071. PMID 33426783.
- ↑ Ho, Min-Chieh; Peng, Yi-Jie; Chen, Shih-Jen; Chiou, Shih-Hwa (2010-09-01). "Senile cataracts and oxidative stress". Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics. 1 (1): 17–21. doi:10.1016/j.jcgg.2010.10.006. ISSN 2210-8335.
- ↑ Spector, Abraham (1995). "Oxidative stress-induced cataract: mechanism of action". The FASEB Journal (in English). 9 (12): 1173–1182. doi:10.1096/fasebj.9.12.7672510. ISSN 1530-6860. PMID 7672510.
- ↑ "Cataract - Eye Disorders". MSD Manual Professional Edition (in English). Retrieved 2025-02-19.
- ↑ "Recognizing Cataracts". NIH News in Health. 2017-05-30. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
Try wearing sunglasses or a hat with a brim. Researchers also believe that good nutrition can help reduce the risk of age-related cataract. They recommend eating plenty of green leafy vegetables, fruits, nuts, and other healthy foods.
- ↑ Lamoureux EL, Fenwick E, Pesudovs K, Tan D (January 2011). "The impact of cataract surgery on quality of life". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 22 (1): 19–27. doi:10.1097/icu.0b013e3283414284. PMID 21088580. S2CID 22760161.
- 1 2 Rao GN, Khanna R, Payal A (January 2011). "The global burden of cataract". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 22 (1): 4–9. doi:10.1097/icu.0b013e3283414fc8. PMID 21107260. S2CID 205670997.
- ↑ Wilson Jr., M. Edward; Trivedi, Rupal H.; Pandey, Suresh K. (2005). Pediatric cataract surgery techniques, complications, and management (in English). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-7817-4307-5. Archived from the original on 2015-05-24.
- 1 2 "Cataract Data and Statistics". National Eye Institute. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
Read further
[edit | edit source]- Truscott RJ, Friedrich MG (December 2019). "Molecular Processes Implicated in Human Age-Related Nuclear Cataract". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 60 (15): 5007–5021. doi:10.1167/iovs.19-27535. OCLC 1141250841. PMC 7043214. PMID 31791064.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Pictures of different types of cataracts Archived 2013-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
