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Chickenpox

From Wikipedia
chickenpox
infectious disease, class of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass ofviral infectious disease, skin infection, varicella zoster infection, Herpesviridae infectious disease Edit
Has causeHuman herpesvirus 3 Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases, pediatrics Edit
Medical examinationphysical examination, Direct fluorescent antibody, ELISA, real-time polymerase chain reaction Edit
Drug or therapy used for treatmentaciclovir, ganciclovir, zinc oxide Edit
Disease transmission processdroplet infection, contact transmission Edit
ICD-9-CM052, 052.9 Edit
ICPC 2 IDA72 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC97132 Edit

Chickenpox, dem sanso know as varicella (/ˌværɪˈsɛlə/ ⓘ VARR-iss-EL-ə), be a highly contagious disease wey be caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of de herpesvirus family.[1][2][3] De disease dey result in a characteristic skin rash wey dey form small, itchy blisters, wich eventually dey scab over.[4] E usually dey start on de chest, back, den face.[4] E then dey spread to de rest of de body.[4] De rash den oda symptoms, such as fever, tiredness, den headaches, usually dey last five to seven days.[4] Complications fi occasionally include pneumonia, inflammation of de brain, den bacterial skin infections.[5] De disease usually be more severe insyd adults dan insyd kiddies.[6]

Chickenpox be an airborne disease wich easily dey spread via human-to-human transmission, typically thru de coughs den sneezes of an infected person.[3] De incubation period be 10–21 days, after wich de characteristic rash appear.[7] E fi be spread from one to two days before de rash appear til na all lesions crust over.[3] E sanso fi spread thru contact plus de blisters.[3] Those plus shingles fi spread chickenpox to those wey no be immune thru contact plus de blisters.[3] De disease usually fi be diagnosed base on de presenting symptom;[8] however, insyd unusual cases e fi be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of de blister fluid anaa scabs.[6] Dem fi do testing for antibodies to determine if a person be immune.[6] People usually dey get chickenpox once per.[3] Although reinfections by de virus dey occur, dese reinfections usually no dey cause any symptoms.[9]

Since ein introduction insyd 1995 insyd de United States, na de varicella vaccine result in a decrease insyd de number of cases den complications from de disease.[10] E dey protect about 70–90 percent of people from disease plus a greater benefit for severe disease.[6] Routine immunization of kiddies be recommended insyd chaw countries.[11] Immunization within three days of exposure fi improve outcomes insyd kiddies.[12] Treatment of those infected fi include calamine lotion to help plus itching, keeping de fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, den de use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help plus fevers.[3] For those at increased risk of complications, antiviral medication such as aciclovir be recommended.[3]

Chickenpox dey occur insyd all parts of de world.[6] Insyd 2013, na der be 140 million cases of chickenpox den shingles worldwide.[13] Before routine immunization na de number of cases wey dey occur each year be similar to de number of people dem born.[6] Since immunization na de number of infections insyd de United States decrease nearly 90%.[6] Insyd 2015 na chickenpox result in 6,400 deaths globally – down from 8,900 insyd 1990.[14][15] Death occur insyd about 1 per 60,000 cases.[6] Na dem no separate chickenpox from smallpox til de late 19th century.[6] Insyd 1888 na dem determine ein connection to shingles.[6] Na de first documented use of de term chicken pox be insyd 1658.[16] Na dem suggest various explanations give de use of "chicken" insyd de name, one be de relative mildness of de disease.[16]

References

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  1. ↑ "Chickenpox (Varicella) Overview". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov). 16 November 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  2. ↑ "Varicella". www.who.int (in English). Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Chickenpox (Varicella) Prevention & Treatment". cdc.gov. 16 November 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Chickenpox (Varicella) Signs & Symptoms". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov). 16 November 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  5. ↑ "Chickenpox (Varicella) Complications". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov). 16 November 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Atkinson, William (2011). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (12 ed.). Public Health Foundation. pp. 301–323. ISBN 978-0-9832631-3-5. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  7. ↑ "Chickenpox (Varicella) For Healthcare Professionals". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov). 31 December 2018. Archived from the original on 6 December 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  8. ↑ "Chickenpox (Varicella) Interpreting Laboratory Tests". cdc.gov. 19 June 2012. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  9. ↑ Breuer J (2010). "VZV molecular epidemiology". Varicella-zoster Virus. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 342. pp. 15–42. doi:10.1007/82_2010_9. ISBN 978-3-642-12727-4. PMID 20229231.
  10. ↑ "Routine vaccination against chickenpox?". Drug Ther Bull. 50 (4): 42–45. 2012. doi:10.1136/dtb.2012.04.0098. PMID 22495050. S2CID 42875272.
  11. ↑ Flatt, A; Breuer, J (September 2012). "Varicella vaccines". British Medical Bulletin. 103 (1): 115–127. doi:10.1093/bmb/lds019. PMID 22859715.
  12. ↑ Macartney, K; Heywood, A; McIntyre, P (23 June 2014). "Vaccines for post-exposure prophylaxis against varicella (chickenpox) in children and adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (6) CD001833. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001833.pub3. PMC 7061782. PMID 24954057. S2CID 43465932.
  13. ↑ Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (22 August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
  14. ↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  15. ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
  16. 1 2 Oxford University Press (December 2014). "chickenpox, n." oed.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
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