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Childbirth

From Wikipedia
childbirth
Subclass ofbirth, multi-multicellular organism process, giving birth, multi-organism reproductive process Edit
Part ofbirth Edit
Followed bybirth, matrescence Edit
Has causehuman pregnancy Edit
Has effectneonate, muscle fatigue, birth Edit
Health specialtymidwifery, obstetrics and gynaecology Edit
Practiced bysurgeon, midwife, obstetrician Edit

Childbirth, dem sanso know as labour anaa delivery, be de completion of pregnancy, wer one anaa more fetuses exit de internal environment of de mommie vaginally anaa via caesarean section[1] wey e cam be a newborn. Insyd 2023, der be about 132 million human births globally.[2] Insyd developed countries, chaw births dey occur insyd hospitals,[3][4] while insyd developing countries chaw be home births.[5]

Vaginal birth be de most common mode of birth worldwide.[6] E dey involve three stages of labour: de shortening den opening of de cervix during de first stage, descent den birth of de baby during de second, den de birth of de placenta during de third. During de first stage, contractions gradually cam be stronger den closer togeda.[7] De postpartum period be de time of recovery for de mommie den infant, insyd wich both newborn den mommie be monitored. All major health organisations advise say immediately after giving birth, regardless of de mode of birth, wey de infant be placed on de mommie ein chest (dem term skin-to-skin contact), den to delay any oda routine procedures for at least one to two hours anaa til de baby get ein first breastfeeding.[8][9][10][11]

Vaginal delivery generally be recommended as a first option. Caesarean section fi lead to increased risk of complications den a significantly slower recovery. Der sanso be chaw natural benefits of a vaginal delivery insyd both de mother den de baby. Various methods fi help plus pain, such as relaxation techniques, opioids, den spinal blocks.[7] E be best practice to limit de number of interventions wey occur during labour den delivery, such as an elective cesarean section. However, insyd sam cases, a scheduled cesarean section for be planned for a successful delivery den recovery of de mommie. An emergency cesarean section fi be recommended if unexpected complications occur anaa little to no progression thru de birthing canal be observed insyd a vaginal delivery.

Each year, complications from pregnancy den childbirth result in about 260,000 birthing deaths[12], seven million women get serious long-term problems, den 50 million women wey give birth get negative health outcomes dey follow delivery, chaw of wich dey occur insyd de developing world.[13] Complications insyd de mommie include obstructed labour, postpartum bleeding, eclampsia, den postpartum infection.[13] Complications insyd de baby include lack of oxygen at birth (birth asphyxia), birth trauma, den prematurity.[14][15]

References

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  1. ↑ Martin E (2015). Concise Colour Medical l.p.Dictionary (in English). Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-19-968799-2. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
  2. ↑ "Number of births and deaths per year". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 30 December 2025. Retrieved 10 February 2026.
  3. ↑ Co-Operation, Organisation for Economic; Development (2009). Doing better for children. Paris: OECD. p. 105. ISBN 978-92-64-05934-4. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
  4. ↑ Olsen, Ole; Clausen, Jette A. (2023-03-08). "Planned hospital birth compared with planned home birth for pregnant women at low risk of complications". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (3) CD000352. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000352.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 9994459. PMID 36884026.
  5. ↑ Fossard Ed, Bailey M (2016). Communication for Behavior Change: Volume lll: Using Entertainment–Education for Distance Education. Sage Publications India. ISBN 978-93-5150-758-1. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  6. ↑ Memon HU, Handa VL (May 2013). "Vaginal childbirth and pelvic floor disorders". Women's Health. 9 (3): 265–77, quiz 276–77. doi:10.2217/whe.13.17. PMC 3877300. PMID 23638782.
  7. 1 2 "Pregnancy Labor and Birth". Office on Women's Health. 25 September 2025. Archived from the original on 8 January 2026. Retrieved 10 February 2026. The first stage begins with the onset of labour and ends when the cervix is fully opened. It is the longest stage of labour, usually lasting about 12 to 19 hours
    ..
    The second stage involves pushing and the birth of the baby. It usually lasts 20 minutes to two hours.
  8. ↑ Brimdyr, Kajsa; Stevens, Jeni; Svensson, Kristin; Blair, Anna; Turner-Maffei, Cindy; Grady, Julie; Bastarache, Louise; al Alfy, Abla; Crenshaw, Jeannette T.; Giugliani, Elsa Regina Justo; Ewald, Uwe; Haider, Rukhsana; Jonas, Wibke; Kagawa, Mike; Lilliesköld, Siri (11 May 2023). "Skin-to-skin contact after birth: Developing a research and practice guideline". Acta Paediatrica (in English). 112 (8): 1633–1643. doi:10.1111/apa.16842. hdl:20.500.11815/4374. ISSN 0803-5253. PMID 37166443.
  9. ↑ Phillips, Raylene. "Uninterrupted Skin-to-Skin Contact Immediately After Birth". Medscape. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  10. ↑ "Care of healthy women and their babies during childbirth". National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. December 2014. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  11. ↑ "Skin-to-skin contact". UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative (in British English). Retrieved 2025-02-12.
  12. ↑ "Maternal mortality". www.who.int (in English). Retrieved 2026-04-29.
  13. 1 2 Education material for teachers of midwifery: midwifery education modules (PDF) (2nd ed.). Geneva [Switzerland]: World Health Organization. 2008. hdl:10665/44145. ISBN 978-92-4-154666-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2015.
  14. ↑ Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC (2014). Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant (in English). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-323-29537-6. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017.
  15. ↑ World Health Organization. "Newborns: reducing mortality". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
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