Childhood schizophrenia
| Subclass of | schizophrenia, Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood, early-onset schizophrenia  |
|---|---|
| Health specialty | child and adolescent psychiatry |
| ICD-9-CM | 299.9 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C35004 |
Childhood schizophrenia (dem sanso know as childhood-onset schizophrenia den very early-onset schizophrenia) be similar in characteristics to schizophrenia wey dey develop at a later age, wey de major difference be an onset before de age of 13 years den a more challenging diagnosis.[1] Schizophrenia be characterized by positive symptoms wey fi include hallucinations, delusions, den disorganized speech; negative symptoms, such as blunted affect, avolition, den apathy, den a number of cognitive impairments.[2][3][4] Differential diagnosis often be problematic since several oda neurodevelopmental disorders, wey dey include autism spectrum disorder, language disorder, den attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, sanso get signs den symptoms similar to childhood-onset schizophrenia.[3][5]
De disorder be associated plus symptoms like auditory den visual hallucinations, delusional thoughts anaa feelings, den abnormal behavior, profoundly impacting de kiddie ein ability to function den sustain normal interpersonal relationships. Delusions often be vague den less developed dan those of adult-onset schizophrenia, wich dey feature more systematized delusions.[6] Among de psychotic symptoms seen insyd childhood schizophrenia, non-verbal auditory hallucinations be de most common den often sound like shots, knocks, den bangs. Oda symptoms fi include irritability, searching for imaginary objects, low performance, den a higher rate of tactile hallucinations dem compare to adult-onset schizophrenia. E typically dey present after de age of seven.[7] About 50% of young kiddies dem diagnose plus schizophrenia experience severe neuropsychiatric symptoms.[8] Studies demonstrate say diagnostic criteria be similar to those of adult-onset schizophrenia.[9][10] Neither DSM-5 nor ICD-11 list "childhood schizophrenia" as a separate diagnosis. De diagnosis be based on a thorough history den psychiatric examination by a child psychiatrist, exclusion of medical causes of psychosis (often by extensive testing), observations by caregivers den schools, den, insyd sam cases (dey depend on age), self-reports from pediatric patients.
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
- ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 99–104. ISBN 978-0-89042-554-1.
- 1 2 Kendhari J, Shankar R, Young-Walker L (July 2016). "A Review of Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia". Focus. 14 (3): 328–332. doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20160007. PMC 6526799. PMID 31975813.
- ↑ Ritsner MS, ed. (2011). Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Vol. II. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 195–205. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0831-0. ISBN 978-94-007-0830-3.
- ↑ Stayer, CATHERINE; Sporn, ALEXANDRA; Gogtay, NITIN; Tossell, JULIA; Lenane, MARGE; Gochman, PETER; Rapoport, JUDITH L (2004-08-01). "Looking for Childhood Schizophrenia: Case Series of False Positives". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 43 (8): 1026–1029. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000127573.34038.e4. ISSN 0890-8567. PMID 15266198.
- ↑ Bettes BA, Walker E (July 1987). "Positive and negative symptoms in psychotic and other psychiatrically disturbed children". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 28 (4). Wiley-Blackwell: 555–68. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00223.x. PMID 3654807.
- ↑ Baribeau DA, Anagnostou E (December 2013). "A comparison of neuroimaging findings in childhood onset schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: a review of the literature". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 4: 175. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00175. PMC 3869044. PMID 24391605.
- ↑ Lambert LT (April–June 2001). "Identification and management of schizophrenia in childhood". Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. 14 (2): 73–80. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6171.2001.tb00295.x. PMID 11883626.
- ↑ Nicolson R, Rapoport JL (November 1999). "Childhood-onset schizophrenia: rare but worth studying". Biological Psychiatry. 46 (10). Elsevier BV: 1418–28. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00231-0. PMID 10578456. S2CID 45154449.
- ↑ Spencer EK, Campbell M (1994). "Children with schizophrenia: diagnosis, phenomenology, and pharmacotherapy". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 20 (4): 713–25. doi:10.1093/schbul/20.4.713. PMID 7701278.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Tiffin PA, Welsh P (November 2013). "Practitioner review: schizophrenia spectrum disorders and the at-risk mental state for psychosis in children and adolescents--evidence-based management approaches". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 54 (11): 1155–75. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12136. PMID 24102356.