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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

From Wikipedia
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
type of disease, signs den symptoms
Subclass oflymphoblastic leukemia, chronic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma Edit
Short nameCLL, KLL Edit
Health specialtyhematology Edit
ICD-9-CM204.1 Edit
ICPC 2 IDB73 Edit

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) be a type of cancer wey dey affect de blood den bone marrow.[1][2] Insyd CLL, de bone marrow dey produce chaw lymphocytes, wich be a type of white blood cell.[1][2] B cell lymphocytes fi begin to collect insyd de blood, spleen, lymph nodes, den bone marrow;[3][4] dese cells malfunction den crowd out healthy blood cells.[5] CLL be divided into slow-growing (indolent) den fast-growing variants.[6]

Chaw individuals get no symptoms wen dem be first diagnosed plus CLL.[1][5] Around five to 10% of patients fi experience fever, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, painless swelling of de lymph nodes, enlargement of de spleen, den/anaa anemia.[3][4][5][7] Dese symptoms often worsen over time.[1][5] Patients plus CLL sanso get an increased risk of developing serious infections.[8] De exact cause of CLL be unknown, buh risk factors dey include a family history of CLL, tobacco use, anaa environmental exposure to Agent Orange, ionizing radiation, certain insecticides.[3][4] Diagnosis typically be by testing de blood for high numbers of mature lymphocytes den smudge cells.[9]

Asymptomatic patients of CLL often be managed by watchful waiting den monitoring for oda infections. Der currently be no evidence dat early intervention fi alter de course of de disease.[10] Those plus significant symptoms be treated plus chemotherapy, immunotherapy, anaa a combination of both,[4] wey dey depend on de individual ein age, physical condition, den whether dem get de del(17p) anaa TP53 mutations.[11]

CLL be de most common type of leukemia insyd de Western world. E most commonly dey affect individuals over de age of 65 secof de accumulation of genetic mutations wey dey occur over time.[12][13] CLL be rarely seen insyd individuals less dan 40 years old.[14] Men be more commonly affected dan women, although de average lifetime risk give both genders be similar (around 0.5-1%).[14][15] E represent less dan 1% of deaths from cancer between 1980 den 2015.[16]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 Shadman, Mazyar (2023-03-21). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Review". JAMA (in English). 329 (11): 918–932. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.1946. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 36943212.
  2. 1 2 "What Is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?". www.cancer.org (in English). Retrieved 2025-01-12.
  3. 1 2 3 Mukkamalla, Shiva Kumar R.; Taneja, Alankrita; Malipeddi, Dhatri; Master, Samip R. (2025), "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29261864, retrieved 2025-01-17
  4. 1 2 3 4 Kipps TJ, Stevenson FK, Wu CJ, Croce CM, Packham G, Wierda WG, et al. (January 2017). "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia". Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 3 16096. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.96. PMC 5336551. PMID 28102226.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
  6. ↑ "What Is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?". www.cancer.org (in English). Retrieved 2025-01-17.
  7. ↑ Hallek M, Shanafelt TD, Eichhorst B (April 2018). "Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia". Lancet. 391 (10129): 1524–1537. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30422-7. PMID 29477250. S2CID 3517733.
  8. ↑ Stilgenbauer S, Furman RR, Zent CS (2015-05-01). "Management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia". American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting (35): 164–175. doi:10.14694/EdBook_AM.2015.35.164. PMID 25993154.
  9. ↑ Ferri FF (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 750. ISBN 978-0-323-52957-0.
  10. ↑ Stilgenbauer S, Furman RR, Zent CS (2015-05-01). "Management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia". American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting (35): 164–175. doi:10.14694/EdBook_AM.2015.35.164. PMID 25993154.
  11. ↑ Hallek M (November 2019). "Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment". American Journal of Hematology. 94 (11): 1266–1287. doi:10.1002/ajh.25595. PMID 31364186. S2CID 199000131.
  12. ↑ "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia – Cancer Stat Facts". seer.cancer.gov. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  13. ↑ "Genes and Cancer". Archived from the original on 2021-11-16.
  14. 1 2 "Key Statistics for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". www.cancer.org (in English). Retrieved 2025-01-17.
  15. ↑ Grywalska E, Zaborek M, Łyczba J, Hrynkiewicz R, Bębnowska D, Becht R, et al. (November 2020). "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia-Induced Humoral Immunosuppression: A Systematic Review". Cells. 9 (11): 2398. doi:10.3390/cells9112398. PMC 7693361. PMID 33147729.
  16. ↑ Wang, Haidong; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
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