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Ciprofloxacin

From Wikipedia
ciprofloxacin
type of chemical entity
Subclass offluoroquinolone, quinolone, alkaloid, carbocyclic compound Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃ Edit
Canonical SMILESC1CC1N2C=C(C(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C32)N4CCNCC4)F)C(=O)O Edit
Active ingredient inCiloxan, Cipro, Cetraxal, Proquin, ciprofloxacin otic Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary nameciprofloxacin Edit
Legal status (medicine)boxed warning Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category B3, US pregnancy category C Edit
LiverTox likelihood scoreLiverTox toxicity likelihood category B Edit
ManufacturerPfizer Edit
Get characteristicbitterness Edit
Subject has roleantibiotic, topoisomerase II inhibitor, cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors, essential medicine, bactericide Edit
WHO Aware Classificationwatch Edit

Ciprofloxacin be a fluoroquinolone antibiotic dem use to treat a number of bacterial infections.[1] Dis dey include bone den joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, den urinary tract infections, among odas.[1] For sam infections e be used in addition to oda antibiotics.[1] Dem fi take am by mouth, as eye drops, as ear drops, anaa intravenously.[1][2]

Common side effects dey include nausea, vomiting, den diarrhea.[1] Severe side effects dey include tendon rupture, hallucinations, den nerve damage.[1] Insyd people plus myasthenia gravis, der be worsening muscle weakness.[1] Rates of side effects appear to be higher dan sam groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins buh lower dan odas such as clindamycin.[3] Studies insyd oda animals raise concerns wey dey regard ein use insyd pregnancy.[4] Na dem identify no problems, however, insyd de kiddies of a small number of women wey take de medication.[4] E dey appear to be safe during breastfeeding.[1] E be a second-generation fluoroquinolone plus a broad spectrum of activity wey usually dey result insyd de death of de bacteria.[1][5][6]

Na dem patent ciprofloxacin insyd 1980 wey na dem introduce am by Bayer insyd 1987.[7][8] E dey on de World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] De World Health Organization dey classify ciprofloxacin as critically important for human medicine.[10] E be available as a generic medication.[1][11] In 2023, it was the 155th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.[12][13]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  2. ↑ "Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan) ophthalmic - Uses, Side Effects, and More". WebMD. 22 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  3. ↑ Heidelbaugh JJ, Holmstrom H (April 2013). "The perils of prescribing fluoroquinolones". The Journal of Family Practice. 62 (4): 191–197. PMID 23570031.
  4. 1 2 "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Government of Australia. 23 August 2015. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014.
  5. ↑ Ball P (July 2000). "Quinolone generations: natural history or natural selection?". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 46 Suppl T1: 17–24. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jac.a020889. PMID 10997595.
  6. ↑ Oliphant CM, Green GM (February 2002). "Quinolones: a comprehensive review". American Family Physician. 65 (3): 455–464. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)67120-9. PMID 1185862.
  7. ↑ Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. OUP Oxford. 2009. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-103962-1. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
  8. ↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 500. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5.
  9. ↑ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
  10. ↑ World Health Organization (2019). Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (6th revision ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/312266. ISBN 978-92-4-151552-8.
  11. ↑ Hamilton RJ (2014). Tarascon pharmacopoeia (15th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-284-05671-6. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
  12. ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
  13. ↑ "Ciprofloxacin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 19 August 2025.
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