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Cirrhosis

From Wikipedia
liver cirrhosis
class of disease
Subclass ofliver disease, cirrosis, disease Edit
Has effectliver cancer, liver failure Edit
Dey afflicthuman Edit
Health specialtygastroenterology, hepatology Edit
Medical examinationliver biopsy, blood test, medical ultrasonography, computed tomography Edit
Possible treatmentliver transplantation Edit
Anatomical locationliver Edit
Genetic associationTSBP1, BTNL2 Edit
ICD-9-CM571.5 Edit
NCI Thesaurus IDC2951 Edit

Cirrhosis, dem sanso know as liver cirrhosis anaa hepatic cirrhosis, chronic liver failure anaa chronic hepatic failure den end-stage liver disease, be a chronic condition of de liver insyd wich de normal functioning tissue, anaa parenchyma, be replaced plus scar tissue (fibrosis) den regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease.[1][2][3] Damage to de liver dey lead to repair of liver tissue den subsequent formation of scar tissue. Over time, scar tissue den nodules of regenerating hepatocytes fi replace de parenchyma, wey dey cause increased resistance to blood flow insyd de liver's capillaries—de hepatic sinusoids[4]: 83  —den consequently portal hypertension, as well as impairment insyd oda aspects of liver function.[1][5]

De disease typically dey develop slowly over months anaa years.[6] Stages dey include compensated cirrhosis den decompensated cirrhosis.[7][8]: 110–111  Early symptoms fi include tiredness, weakness, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, nausea den vomiting, den discomfort insyd de right upper quadrant of de abdomen.[9] As de disease worsens, symptoms fi include itchiness, swelling insyd de lower legs, fluid build-up insyd de abdomen, jaundice, bruising easily, den de development of spider-like blood vessels insyd de skin.[9] De fluid build-up insyd de abdomen fi develop into spontaneous infections.[6] More serious complications dey include hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding from dilated veins insyd de esophagus, stomach, anaa intestines, den liver cancer.[10]

Cirrhosis most commonly be caused by medical conditions wey dey include alcohol-related liver disease, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH – de progressive form of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease,[11] dem previously call non-alcoholic fatty liver disease anaa NAFLD[12]), heroin abuse,[13] chronic hepatitis B, den chronic hepatitis C.[14] Chronic heavy drinking fi cause alcoholic liver disease.[15] Na dem sanso attribute liver damage to heroin usage over an extended period of time as well.[16] MASH get chaw causes, wey dey include obesity, high blood pressure, abnormal levels of cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, den metabolic syndrome.[17] Less common causes of cirrhosis dey include autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, den primary sclerosing cholangitis wey dey disrupt bile duct function, genetic disorders such as Wilson's disease den hereditary hemochromatosis, den chronic heart failure plus liver congestion.[9]

Diagnosis dey base on blood tests, medical imaging, den liver biopsy.[6][18]

Hepatitis B vaccine fi prevent hepatitis B den de development of cirrhosis from am, but no vaccination against hepatitis C be available.[6] Dem no know specific treatment give cirrhosis, buh chaw of de underlying causes fi be treated by medications wey fi slow anaa prevent worsening of de condition.[19] Hepatitis B den C fi be treatable plus antiviral medications.[6] Avoiding alcohol be recommended insyd all cases.[6] Autoimmune hepatitis fi be treated plus steroid medications.[6] Ursodiol fi be useful if de disease be secof blockage of de bile duct.[6] Oda medications fi be useful for complications such as abdominal anaa leg swelling, hepatic encephalopathy, den dilated esophageal veins.[6] If cirrhosis dey lead to liver failure, a liver transplant fi be an option.[17] Biannual screening give liver cancer dey use abdominal ultrasound, possibly plus additional blood tests, be recommended[20][21] secof de high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma wey dey arise from dysplastic nodules.[22]

Cirrhosis wey be affected about 2.8 million people wey result insyd 1.3 million deaths insyd 2015.[23][24] Of dese deaths, na alcohol cause 348,000 (27%), hepatitis C cause 326,000 (25%), den hepatitis B cause 371,000 (28%).[24] Insyd de United States, more men die of cirrhosis dan women.[6] De first known description of de condition be by Hippocrates insyd de fifth century BCE.[25] Na dem derive de term "cirrhosis" insyd 1819 from de Greek word "kirrhos", wich dey describe de yellowish color of a diseased liver.[26]

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. 1 2 "Cirrhosis". nhs.uk. 29 June 2020. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  2. ↑ Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, Burroughs AK (2014). "Liver cirrhosis". The Lancet. 383 (9930): 1749–1761. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60121-5. PMID 24480518.
  3. ↑ Sharma B, John S (31 October 2022). "Hepatic Cirrhosis". StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, Florida: StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29494026. Bookshelf ID NBK482419. Retrieved 16 July 2024 – via National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ Bansal MB, Friedman SL (8 June 2018). "Chapter 6: Hepatic Fibrinogenesis". In Dooley JS, Lok AS, Garcia-Tsao G, Pinzani M (eds.). Sherlock's diseases of the liver and biliary system (13th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 82–92. ISBN 978-1-119-23756-3. OCLC 1019837000.
  5. ↑ Haep N, Florentino RM, Squires JE, Bell A, Soto-Gutierrez A (2021). "The Inside-Out of End-Stage Liver Disease: Hepatocytes are the Keystone". Seminars in Liver Disease. 41 (2): 213–224. doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725023. PMC 8996333. PMID 33992030.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Cirrhosis". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. April 23, 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
  7. ↑ "Cirrhosis of the liver". cleveland clinic. 2024.
  8. ↑ McCormick PA, Jalan R (8 June 2018). "Chapter 8: Hepatic Cirrhosis". In Dooley JS, Lok AS, Garcia-Tsao G, Pinzani M (eds.). Sherlock's diseases of the liver and biliary system (13th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 107–126. ISBN 978-1-119-23756-3. OCLC 1019837000.
  9. 1 2 3 "Symptoms & Causes of Cirrhosis | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  10. ↑ "Definition & Facts for Cirrhosis | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  11. ↑ Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, Francque SM, Sanyal AJ, Kanwal F, Romero D, Abdelmalek MF, Anstee QM, Arab JP, Arrese M, Bataller R, Beuers U, Boursier J, Bugianesi E, Byrne CD, Castro Narro GE, Chowdhury A, Cortez-Pinto H, Cryer DR, Cusi K, El-Kassas M, Klein S, Eskridge W, Fan J, Gawrieh S, Guy CD, Harrison SA, Kim SU, Koot BG, Korenjak M, Kowdley KV, Lacaille F, Loomba R, Mitchell-Thain R, Morgan TR, Powell EE, Roden M, Romero-Gómez M, Silva M, Singh SP, Sookoian SC, Spearman CW, Tiniakos D, Valenti L, Vos MB, Wong VW, Xanthakos S, Yilmaz Y, Younossi Z, Hobbs A, Villota-Rivas M, Newsome PN, NAFLD Nomenclature consensus group (2024). "A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature". Annals of Hepatology. 29 (1) 101133. doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101133. hdl:2434/1050088. PMID 37364816.
  12. ↑ Castera L, Friedrich-Rust M, Loomba R (April 2019). "Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Disease in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease". Gastroenterology. 156 (5): 1264–1281.e4. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.036. PMC 7505052. PMID 30660725.
  13. ↑ Ilić, G.; Karadžić, R.; Kostić-Banović, L.; Stojanović, J.; Antović, A. (February 2010). "Ultrastructural Changes In The Liver Of Intravenous Heroin Addiction". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. Vol. 10, no. 1. Journal of the Association of Basic Medical Sciences. pp. 36–43. PMC 5596609.
  14. ↑ Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, et al. (GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators) (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
  15. ↑ "Alcoholic liver disease". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 2019-05-27. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  16. ↑ "Heroin and Liver Damage". Banyan Medical Centers. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  17. 1 2 "Definition & Facts of NAFLD & NASH | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  18. ↑ "Cirrhosis". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. April 23, 2014. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
  19. ↑ "Treatment for Cirrhosis - NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (in American English). Retrieved 2025-11-22.
  20. ↑ Grady, John (15 February 2024). "Back to Basics: Outpatient Management of Cirrhosis". Liver Fellow Network. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  21. ↑ Singal AG, Llovet JM, Yarchoan M, Mehta N, Heimbach JK, Dawson LA, Jou JH, Kulik LM, Agopian VG, Marrero JA, Mendiratta-Lala M, Brown DB, Rilling WS, Goyal L, Wei AC, Taddei TH (2023). "AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma". Hepatology. 78 (6): 1922–1965. doi:10.1097/HEP.0000000000000466. PMC 10663390. PMID 37199193.
  22. ↑ Liao Z, Tang C, Luo R, Gu X, Zhou J, Gao J (2023). "Current Concepts of Precancerous Lesions of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Recent Progress in Diagnosis". Diagnostics. 13 (7) 1211: 1211. doi:10.3390/diagnostics13071211. PMC 10093043. PMID 37046429.
  23. ↑ Vos, Theo; Allen, Christine; Arora, Megha; Barber, Ryan M.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Brown, Alexandria; Carter, Austin; Casey, Daniel C.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chen, Alan Z.; Coggeshall, Megan; Cornaby, Leslie; Dandona, Lalit; Dicker, Daniel J.; Dilegge, Tina; Erskine, Holly E.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Fleming, Tom; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Fullman, Nancy; Gething, Peter W.; Goldberg, Ellen M.; Graetz, Nicholas; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hay, Simon I.; Johnson, Catherine O.; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kawashima, Toana; Kemmer, Laura (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  24. 1 2 Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  25. ↑ Brower ST (2012). Elective general surgery: an evidence-based approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-60795-109-4. Archived from the original on 2017-09-08.
  26. ↑ Roguin A (September 2006). "Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781-1826): the man behind the stethoscope". Clinical Medicine & Research. 4 (3): 230–235. doi:10.3121/cmr.4.3.230. PMC 1570491. PMID 17048358.
[edit | edit source]
  • Cirrhosis of the Liver at the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). NIH Publication No. 04-1134, December 2003.
  • "Cirrhosis". MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cirrhosis&oldid=81676"