Clonazepam
| Subclass of | benzodiazepine drug  |
|---|---|
| Get use | Medication |
| Stylized name | clonazePAM, KlonoPIN |
| Chemical formula | C₁₅H₁₀ClN₃O₃ |
| Canonical SMILES | C1C(=O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3Cl |
| Active ingredient in | Klonopin |
| World Health Organisation international non-proprietary name | clonazepam, klonazepam |
| Physically dey interact plus | Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha3 |
| Legal status (medicine) | boxed warning |
| Pregnancy category | Australian pregnancy category C, US pregnancy category D |
| LiverTox likelihood score | LiverTox toxicity likelihood category D |
| Subject has role | GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, anticonvulsant agent, GABA Modulators |
| MCN code | 2933.91.13 |
Clonazepam, dem sell under de brand name Klonopin among odas, be a benzodiazepine medication dem use to prevent den treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation dem associate plus psychosis, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), den akathisia.[1] E be a long-acting[2] benzodiazepine.[1] E dey possess anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, den skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Dem typically dey take am orally (dem swallow by mouth) buh dem sanso use am intravenously.[1][3] Effects dey begin within one hour den last between eight den twelve hours in adults.[4][5]
Common side effects fi include sleepiness, weakness, poor coordination, difficulty concentrating, den agitation. Clonazepam sanso fi decrease memory formation.[1] Long-term use fi result in tolerance, dependence, den life-threatening withdrawal symptoms if e stop abruptly.[1][6] Dependence dey occur insyd one-third of people wey take benzodiazepines for longer dan four weeks.[7] De risk of suicide increase, particularly insyd people wey already be depressed.[1][8] Use during pregnancy fi result in harm to de fetus.[1] Clonazepam dey bind to GABAA receptors, thus dey increase de effect of de chief inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).[7]
Na dem patent clonazepam insyd 1960, dem market am insyd 1964, wey e go on sale insyd 1975 insyd de United States from Roche.[9][10] E be available as a generic medication.[1] Insyd 2023, na e be de 62nd most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 10 million prescriptions.[11][12] Insyd chaw areas of de world, dem commonly dey use am as a recreational drug.[13][14]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Clonazepam". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ↑ Basit H, Kahwaji CI (2024). "Clonazepam". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32310470. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
- ↑ Koubeissi M (2016). "Intravenous Clonazepam in Status Epilepticus". Epilepsy Currents. 16 (2): 89–90. doi:10.5698/1535-7511-16.2.89. PMC 4822737. PMID 27073337.
- ↑ Cooper G, ed. (2007). Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-59745-247-2. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016.
- ↑ "Paxam Data Sheet" (PDF). medsafe.govt.nz. 18 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ↑ Edinoff AN, Nix CA, Hollier J, Sagrera CE, Delacroix BM, Abubakar T, Cornett EM, Kaye AM, Kaye AD (November 2021). "Benzodiazepines: Uses, Dangers, and Clinical Considerations". Neurology International. 13 (4): 594–607. doi:10.3390/neurolint13040059. PMC 8629021. PMID 34842811.
- 1 2 Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S (August 2008). "Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 118 (2): 69–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. PMID 18384456. S2CID 24453988.
- ↑ Dodds TJ (March 2017). "Prescribed Benzodiazepines and Suicide Risk: A Review of the Literature". The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 19 (2). doi:10.4088/PCC.16r02037. PMID 28257172.
- ↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 535. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- ↑ Shorter E (2005). "B". A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-029201-0. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015.
- ↑ "Top 300 of 2023". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 12 August 2025.
- ↑ "Clonazepam Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
- ↑ Shorter E (2005). "B". A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-029201-0. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015.
- ↑ "Clonazepam Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2014 - 2023". ClinCalc. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
External links
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