Colorectal cancer
| Subclass of | colorectal neoplasm, large intestine cancer, disease  |
|---|---|
| Health specialty | oncology |
| Drug or therapy used for treatment | irinotecan |
| Anatomical location | colon |
| Risk factor | smoking, obesity, alcohol and cancer, age of a person |
| ICPC 2 ID | D75 |
Colorectal cancer, dem sanso know as bowel cancer, colon cancer, anaa rectal cancer, be de development of cancer from de colon anaa rectum (parts of de large intestine). E be de consequence of uncontrolled growth of colon cells wey fi invade/spread to oda parts of de body.[1] Signs den symptoms fi include blood insyd de stool, a change insyd bowel movements, weight loss, abdominal pain den fatigue.[2] Chaw colorectal cancers be secof lifestyle factors den genetic disorders.[3][4] Risk factors dey include diet, obesity, smoking, den lack of physical activity.[3] Dietary factors wey dey increase de risk include red meat, processed meat, den alcohol.[3][5] Anoda risk factor be inflammatory bowel disease, wich dey include Crohn's disease den ulcerative colitis.[3] Sam of de inherited genetic disorders wey fi cause colorectal cancer dey include familial adenomatous polyposis den hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer; however, dese dey represent less dan 5% of cases.[3][4] E typically dey start as a benign tumor, often insyd de form of a polyp, wich over time cam be cancerous.[3]
Colorectal cancer fi be diagnosed by obtaining a sample of de colon during a sigmoidoscopy anaa colonoscopy.[6] Dis be then followed by medical imaging to determine whether na de cancer spread beyond de colon anaa e dey insyd situ.[1] Screening be effective for preventing den decreasing deaths from colorectal cancer.[7] Screening, by one of chaw methods, be recommended dey start from ages 45 to 75. Na dem recommend say starting at age 50 buh na dem change am to 45 secof increasing numbers of colon cancers.[7][8] During colonoscopy, small polyps fi be removed if dem find.[3] If dem find a large polyp anaa tumor, a biopsy fi be performed to check if e be cancerous. Aspirin den oda non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs dey decrease de risk of pain during polyp excision.[3][9] Dema general use no be recommended for dis purpose, however, secof side effects.[10]
Treatments dem use for colorectal cancer fi include sam combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, den targeted therapy.[1] Cancers wey be confined within de wall of de colon fi be curable plus surgery, while cancer wey spread widely usually no be curable, plus na dem direct management towards improving quality of life den symptoms.[1] Na de five-year survival rate insyd de United States be around 65% insyd 2014.[11] De chances of survival dey depend on how advanced de cancer be, whether dem fi remove all of de cancer plus surgery, den de person ein overall health.[6] Globally, colorectal cancer be de third-most common type of cancer, wey dey make up about 10% of all cases.[12] Insyd 2022, na der be 1.93 million new cases den 903,859 deaths from de disease.[13] E be more common insyd developed countries, wer na dem find more dan 65% of cases.[3]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 "Colon Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)". NCI. 2014-05-12. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- ↑ "Colorectal Cancer Signs and Symptoms | Signs of Colorectal Cancer". www.cancer.org (in English). Retrieved 2023-02-08.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Bosman FT (2014). "Chapter 5.5: Colorectal Cancer". In Stewart BW, Wild CP (eds.). World Cancer Report. the International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. pp. 392–402. ISBN 978-92-832-0443-5.
- 1 2 "Colorectal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)". National Cancer Institute. 2014-02-27. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- ↑ Theodoratou E, Timofeeva M, Li X, Meng X, Ioannidis JP (August 2017). "Nature, Nurture, and Cancer Risks: Genetic and Nutritional Contributions to Cancer". Annual Review of Nutrition (Review). 37: 293–320. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051004. PMC 6143166. PMID 28826375.
- 1 2 "General Information About Colon Cancer". NCI. 2014-05-12. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- 1 2 Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Epling JW, García FA, Gillman MW, Harper DM, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Owens DK, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP, Siu AL (June 2016). "Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". JAMA. 315 (23): 2564–2575. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5989. PMID 27304597.
- ↑ "First Colonoscopies Now Recommended at Age 45". ThedaCare (in American English). Retrieved 2022-12-30.
- ↑ "First Colonoscopies Now Recommended at Age 45". ThedaCare (in American English). Retrieved 2022-12-30.
- ↑ "Routine aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the primary prevention of colorectal cancer: recommendation statement". American Family Physician. 76 (1): 109–113. July 2007. PMID 17668849. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.
- ↑ "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Colon and Rectum Cancer". NCI. Archived from the original on June 24, 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
- ↑ Forman D, Ferlay J (2014). "Chapter 1.1: The global and regional burden of cancer". In Stewart BW, Wild CP (eds.). World Cancer Report. the International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. pp. 16–53. ISBN 978-92-832-0443-5.
- ↑ Bray, Freddie; Laversanne, Mathieu; Sung, Hyuna; Ferlay, Jacques; Siegel, Rebecca L.; Soerjomataram, Isabelle; Jemal, Ahmedin (2024-04-04). "Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (in English). 74 (3): 229–263. doi:10.3322/caac.21834. ISSN 0007-9235. PMID 38572751.
External links
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