Companions of the Prophet
| Subclass of | follower  |
|---|---|
| Part of | Salaf |
| Honorific suffix | May Allah be pleased with him |
| Religion anaa worldview | Islam |
| Followed by | tabi‘un |
De Sahabah (Arabic: اَلصَّحَابَةُ, romanized: aṣ-ṣaḥāba, lit. 'the companions'), dem sanso know as de Companions of Muhammad, be de Muslim disciples den followers of de Islamic prophet Muhammad wey na dem see anaa meet am during ein lifetime.[1] De companions play a major role insyd Muslim battles, society, hadith narration, den governance during den after de life of Muhammad. De era of de companions begin dey follow de death of Muhammad insyd 632 CE, wey e end insyd 110 AH (728 CE) wen de last companion Abu al-Tufayl die.
Later Islamic scholars accept dema testimony of de words den deeds of Muhammad, de occasions on wich na dem reveal de Quran den oda important matters insyd Islamic history den practice. De testimony of de companions, as na e be passed down thru trusted chains of narrators (asānīd), be de basis of de developing Islamic tradition. From de traditions (hadith) of de life of Muhammad den ein companions be drawn de Muslim way of life (sunnah), de code of conduct (sharia) e dey require, den Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh).
De two largest Islamic denominations, de Sunni den Shia, take different approaches to weighing de value of de companions dema testimonies, dem get different hadith collections den, as a result, dem get different views about de ṣaḥābah.[2]
De second generation of Muslims after de ṣaḥāba, dem born after de death of Muhammad, wey know at least one ṣaḥāba, dem call Tābi'ūn (sanso be "de successors"). De third generation of Muslims after de Tābi'ūn, wey know at least one Tābi, be called tabi' al-Tabi'in.[3] De three generations dey make up de salaf of Islam.
Etymology
[edit | edit source]De term sahaba dey mean "companions" den dey derive from de verb صَحِبَ wey dey mean "accompany", "keep company plus", "associate plus". "Al-ṣaḥāba" be definite plural; de indefinite singular be masculine صَحَابِيٌّ (ṣaḥābiyy), feminine صَحَابِيَّةٌ (ṣaḥābiyyah).
Types
[edit | edit source]Insyd Islam, companions of Muhammad be classified into categories wey dey include de Muhajirun wey accompany Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, de Ansar wey live insyd Medina, den de Badriyyun wey fight at de Battle of Badr.[2]
Two important groups among de companions be de Muhajirun "migrants", those wey get faith insyd Muhammad wen he begin to preach insyd Mecca den who depart plus am wen he be persecuted der, den de Ansar, de people of Medina wey welcam Muhammad den ein companions wey dem stand as dema protectors.
Lists of prominent companions usually dey include 50 anaa 60 names of de people dem think to be most closely associated plus Muhammad. However, der clearly be chaw odas wey na dem get sam contact plus Muhammad, den chaw of those names den biographies be recorded insyd religious reference texts such as ibn Sa'd ein early Book of the Major Classes. Al-Qurtubi ein Istīʻāb fī maʻrifat al-Aṣhāb (d. 1071 CE) dey consist of 2770 biographies of male den 381 biographies of female ṣaḥābah.
According to an observation insyd al-Qastallani ein Al-Muwahib al-Ladunniyyah, an untold number of persons already convert to Islam by de time Muhammad die. Der be 10,000 by de time of de Conquest of Mecca den 70,000 during de Expedition of Tabuk insyd 630. Sam Muslims dey assert say dem be more dan 200,000 in number: dem dey believe say 124,000 pilgrims witness de Farewell Sermon Muhammad deliver after making Farewell Pilgrimage to Mecca.
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica (2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 441. ISBN 978-1-59339-492-9.
- 1 2 "Companions of the Prophet". Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ↑ Esposito, John L. (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 301. ISBN 9780195125597. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
External links
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