Conquest of Mecca
| Ein location | Mecca  |
|---|---|
| Coordinate location | 21°25′21″N 39°49′24″E |
| Point for tym insyd | 629, 630 |
De conquest of Mecca (Arabic: فتح مكة Fatḥ Makka) be a military campaign wey Muhammad den his companions undertake during de Muslim–Quraysh War. Dem lead de early Muslims in an advance on de Quraysh-controlled city of Mecca insyd December 629 anaa January 630[1][2] (10–20 Ramadan, 8 AH).[1] De fall of de city to Muhammad formally mark de end of de conflict between ein followers den de Quraysh tribal confederation.
Dates
[edit | edit source]Ancient sources vary as to de dates of dese events.
- De date Muhammad set out for Mecca variously be given as 2, 6 anaa 10 Ramadan 8 AH.[1]
- De date Muhammad enter Mecca variously be given as 10, 17/18, 19 anaa 20 Ramadan 8 AH.
De conversion of dese dates to de Julian calendar dey depend on wat assumptions dem make about de calendar in use insyd Mecca at de time. For example, 18 Ramadan 8 AH fi be converted to 11 December 629 AD, 10 anaa 11 January 630, anaa 6 June 630 AD.[1]
Background
[edit | edit source]Insyd 628, de Quraysh tribe of Mecca den de Muslims insyd Medina enter into a 10-year pact dem call de Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. However, insyd 630 (8 A.H.), dem breach de Treaty of Hudaybiyyah as a result of de aggression of de Banu Bakr, a confederate of de Quraysh, against de Banu Khuza'ah, wey recently enter into an alliance plus de Muslims.
Pursuant to de Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, de Arab tribes be afforded de opportunity to align demaselves plus either de Muslims anaa de Quraysh. De agreement stipulate say insyd de event of any aggression against a tribe wey choose a particular alliance, de party to wich e ally go possess de right to take retaliatory action. Consequently, de Banu Bakr align demaselves plus de Quraysh, while de Banu Khuza'ah align demaselves plus de Muslims.[3] Dem maintain peace for a period of time; however, underlying motives wey dey stem from de pre-Islamic era, exacerbate by a persistent desire for revenge, ultimately lead to renewed hostilities.
De Banu Bakr launch an attack against de Banu Khuza'ah at Al-Wateer insyd Sha'ban, 8 A.H., wey dem disregard de terms of de treaty. A group of de Quraysh, wey Safwan ibn Umayya, Ikrima ibn Amr, den Suhayl ibn Amr head, provid de Banu Bakr plus men den weapons under de cover of darkness, widout de awareness of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb.[4][3] Na dem face plus aggression from dema opponents, de members of de Banu Khuza'ah seek refuge insyd de Holy Sanctuary - de Kaaba. However, dem no be spared den Nawfal, de leader of de Banu Bakr, kill twenty of dem in violation of established customs. In response, de Banu Khuza'ah immediately dispatch a delegation to Medina to inform Muhammad of de breach of de truce den to request ein assistance.
Wen de Banu Khuza'ah seek redress from dema Muslim allies, Muhammad, insyd ein capacity as dema leader, insist on immediate reparations for de violation of de treaty den de deaths of individuals wey ally plus am insyd de sacred area. Dem present three demands, de acceptance of any one of wich be imperative:
- Payment of blood money give de victims of de Banu Khuza'ah,
- De termination of dema alliance plus de Banu Bakr, anaa
- De nullification of de treaty.[3]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 3 4 F.R. Shaikh, Chronology of Prophetic Events, Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd., London, 2001 pp. 3, 72, 134–136.
- ↑ Gabriel, Richard A. (2014), Muhammad: Islam's First Great General, University of Oklahoma Press, pp. 167, 176, ISBN 9780806182506
- 1 2 3 Al-Mubarakpuri, Safi-ur-Rahman (2008). The Sealed Nectar(Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum) (PDF). Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarrah, Saudi Arabia: Darussalam. p. 458. ISBN 978-9960899558. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ↑ Muhammad ibn ‘Umar-al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi (Beirut: Muassassat al-‘Alami, 1989), Vol.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Gabriel, Richard A, Muhammad: Islam's First Great General, pub University of Oklahoma Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0806138602.