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Coronary artery disease

From Wikipedia
coronary artery disease
type of disease
Subclass ofartery disease Edit
Has causearteriosclerosis Edit
Has effectmyocardial infarction, angina pectoris Edit
Dey afflictcoronary artery Edit
Health specialtycardiology, pediatric cardiac surgery Edit
Described at URLhttp://datos.bne.es/tema/XX539369.html Edit
Risk factorsmoking Edit
ICD-9-CM410-414.99, 414.0, 414.9, 414.00 Edit

Coronary artery disease (CAD), dem sanso call coronary heart disease (CHD), anaa ischemic heart disease (IHD),[1] be a type of heart disease wey dey involve de reduction of blood flow to de cardiac muscle secof a build-up of atheromatous plaque insyd de arteries of de heart.[2][3][4] E be de most common of de cardiovascular diseases.[5] CAD fi cause stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial ischemia,[6] den myocardial infarction.[7]

A common symptom be angina, wich be chest pain anaa discomfort wey fi travel into de shoulder, arm, back, neck, anaa jaw.[8] Occasionally, e fi feel like heartburn. Insyd stable angina, symptoms dey occur plus exercise anaa emotional stress, dey last less dan a few minutes, den improve plus rest.[8] Shortness of breath sanso fi occur, wey sam times no symptoms be present.[8] Insyd chaw cases, de first sign be a heart attack.[9] Oda complications dey include heart failure anaa an abnormal heartbeat.[9]

Risk factors dey include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, depression, den excessive alcohol consumption.[10][11][12] A number of tests fi help plus diagnosis wey dey include electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, coronary computed tomographic angiography, biomarkers (high-sensitivity cardiac troponins) den coronary angiogram, among odas.[13][14]

Ways to reduce CAD risk dey include eating a healthy diet, regularly exercising, dey maintain a healthy weight, den no dey smoke.[15][16] Medications give diabetes, high cholesterol, anaa high blood pressure sam times be used.[16] Der be limited evidence for de efficacy of early detection thru screening of low-risk individuals wey no dey show symptoms.[17] Treatment dey involve de same measures as prevention.[18][19] Additional medications such as antiplatelets (including aspirin), beta blockers, anaa nitroglycerin fi be recommended.[18] Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) anaa coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) fi be used insyd severe disease.[18][20] Insyd those plus stable CAD e be unclear if PCI anaa CABG in addition to de oda treatments dey improve life expectancy anaa dey decrease heart attack risk.[21]

Insyd 2015, na CAD affect 110 million people wey e result in 8.9 million deaths.[22][23] E dey make up 15.6% of all deaths, wey dey make am de most common cause of death globally.[23] De risk of death from CAD for a given age decreased between 1980 den 2010, especially insyd developed countries.[24] De number of cases of CAD for a given age sanso decrease between 1990 den 2010.[25] Insyd de United States insyd 2010, about 20% of those over 65 get CAD, while na e be present insyd 7% of those 45 to 64, den 1.3% of those 18 to 45;[26] rates be higher among males dan females of a given age.[26]

References

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  1. ↑ Bhatia SK (2010). Biomaterials for clinical applications (Online-Ausg. ed.). New York: Springer. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-4419-6920-0. Archived from the original on 10 January 2017.
  2. ↑ "Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)". 12 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  3. ↑ Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, eds. (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. World Health Organization. pp. 3–18. hdl:10665/44701. ISBN 978-92-4-156437-3.
  4. ↑ "Ischemic Heart Disease". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  5. ↑ Murray, Christopher J. L. (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
  6. ↑ "Myocardial ischemia – Symptoms and causes" (in English). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2022-02-05.
  7. ↑ Wong ND (May 2014). "Epidemiological studies of CHD and the evolution of preventive cardiology". Nature Reviews. Cardiology. 11 (5): 276–89. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.26. PMID 24663092. S2CID 9327889.
  8. 1 2 3 "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease?". 29 September 2014. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  9. 1 2 "Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)". 12 March 2013. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  10. ↑ Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, eds. (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. World Health Organization. pp. 3–18. hdl:10665/44701. ISBN 978-92-4-156437-3.
  11. ↑ Mehta PK, Wei J, Wenger NK (February 2015). "Ischemic heart disease in women: a focus on risk factors". Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 25 (2): 140–51. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.005. PMC 4336825. PMID 25453985.
  12. ↑ Charlson FJ, Moran AE, Freedman G, Norman RE, Stapelberg NJ, Baxter AJ, et al. (November 2013). "The contribution of major depression to the global burden of ischemic heart disease: a comparative risk assessment". BMC Medicine. 11 250. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-250. PMC 4222499. PMID 24274053.
  13. ↑ "How Is Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosed?". 29 September 2014. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  14. ↑ Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, et al. (October 2023). "2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes". Eur Heart J. 44 (38): 3720–3826. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191. hdl:10281/525681. PMID 37622654.
  15. ↑ Grundy, Scott M.; Stone, Neil J.; Bailey, Alison L.; Beam, Craig; Birtcher, Kim K.; Blumenthal, Roger S.; Braun, Lynne T.; de Ferranti, Sarah; Faiella-Tommasino, Joseph; Forman, Daniel E.; Goldberg, Ronald; Heidenreich, Paul A.; Hlatky, Mark A.; Jones, Daniel W.; Lloyd-Jones, Donald (2019-06-25). "2018 Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines". Journal of the American College of Cardiology (in English). 73 (24): e285 – e350. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003. hdl:20.500.12749/1738. ISSN 0735-1097. PMID 30423393. S2CID 53303792.
  16. 1 2 "How Can Coronary Heart Disease Be Prevented or Delayed?". Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  17. ↑ Desai CS, Blumenthal RS, Greenland P (April 2014). "Screening low-risk individuals for coronary artery disease". Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 16 (4) 402. doi:10.1007/s11883-014-0402-8. PMID 24522859. S2CID 39392260.
  18. 1 2 3 "How Is Coronary Heart Disease Treated?". 29 September 2014. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  19. ↑ Boden WE, Franklin B, Berra K, Haskell WL, Calfas KJ, Zimmerman FH, Wenger NK (October 2014). "Exercise as a therapeutic intervention in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: an underfilled prescription". The American Journal of Medicine. 127 (10): 905–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.007. PMID 24844736.
  20. ↑ Deb S, Wijeysundera HC, Ko DT, Tsubota H, Hill S, Fremes SE (November 2013). "Coronary artery bypass graft surgery vs percutaneous interventions in coronary revascularization: a systematic review". JAMA. 310 (19): 2086–95. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281718. PMID 24240936.
  21. ↑ Rezende PC, Scudeler TL, da Costa LM, Hueb W (February 2015). "Conservative strategy for treatment of stable coronary artery disease". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 3 (2): 163–70. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i2.163. PMC 4317610. PMID 25685763.
  22. ↑ Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  23. 1 2 Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  24. ↑ Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA, Mensah GA, Ezzati M, Murray CJ, Naghavi M (April 2014). "Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study". Circulation. 129 (14): 1483–92. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.004042. PMC 4181359. PMID 24573352.
  25. ↑ Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA, Mensah GA, Ezzati M, Flaxman A, et al. (April 2014). "The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study". Circulation. 129 (14): 1493–1501. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.004046. PMC 4181601. PMID 24573351.
  26. 1 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (October 2011). "Prevalence of coronary heart disease – United States, 2006–2010". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 60 (40): 1377–81. PMID 21993341.
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