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Cunene River

From Wikipedia
Cunene River
river
Mouth of the watercourseAtlantic Ocean Edit
Drainage basinCunene basin Edit
CountryAngola, Namibia Edit
Coordinate location17°14′58″S 11°45′12″E Edit
Map
Epupa Falls

De Cunene (Portuguese spelling) anaa Kunene (common Namibian spelling)[1][2][3] be a river for Southern Africa insyd. E dey flow from deAngola highlands southwards to de border plus Namibia. E then dey flow for a westerly direction insyd along de border until e dey reach de Atlantic Ocean.

Geography

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One of de few perennial rivers for de region insyd, de Cunene dey about 1,050 km (650 mi) long, plus a drainage basin 106,560 km2 (41,140 sq mi) for area insyd. Ein mean annual discharge be 174 m3/s (6,100 cu ft/s) to 222 m3/s (7,800 cu ft/s) at ein mouth. De Epupa Falls dey lie for de river top. Olushandja Dam dey dam a tributary of de river, de Etaka, den dey help to provide de Ruacana Power Station plus water.

De main stream dey rise for 12° 30′ S. insyd den about 160 miles for a direct line from de sea insyd at Benguella, dey run generally from north to south thru four degrees of latitude, but finally dey flow west to de sea thru a break for de outer highlands insyd.[4]

Between de mouths of ein two tributaries, de Cunene dey traverse a swampy plain, wey e inundate during high water, den dey contain several small lakes at oda times of de year. From dis swampy region divergent branches dey run S.E. Dem be mainly intermittent, but de Kwamatuo, wey dey leave de main stream for about 15° 8′ E., 17° 15′ S. insyd, dey flow into a large marsh anaa lake dem bell Etosha, wey dey occupy a depression for de inner table-land insyd about 3400 ft. above sea-level. From de S.E. end of de Etosha lake streams issue for de direction of de Okavango, wey for times of great flood insyd, dem dey contribute sam water.[4]

For leaving de swampy region top, de Cunene dey turn decidedly to de west, den dey descend to de coast plain by a number of cataracts, wey de chief (for 17° 25′ S., 14° 20′ E. insyd) has a fall of 330 ft. De river dey becam smaller for volume insyd as e dey pass thru an almost desert region plus little anaa no vegetation. De stream sometimes dey shallow den fordable, at odas confine to a narrow rocky channel. Near de sea de Cunene dey traverse a region of sand-hills, wey dem completely block ein mouth at low water. De river dey enter de Atlantic for 17° 18′ S., 11° 40′ E. insyd. Der dey indications dat a former branch of de river once enter a bay to de south.[4]

Dam controversies

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De Namibian government propose for de late 1990s insyd to build de Epupa Dam, a controversial hydroelectric dam for de Cunene top. For 2012 insyd de, Governments of Namibia den Angola announce plans to jointly build de Orokawe dam for de Baynes Mountains insyd. According to de indigenous Himba who go fi be most affected by de construction of de dam, de dam go threaten de local ecosystem den therefore de economic basis of de Himba. During February 2012, traditional Himba chiefs issue a declaration to de African Union den to de United Nations Human Rights Council of de United Nations, wey dem title "Declaration of de most affected Ovahimba, Ovatwa, Ovatjimba den Ovazemba against de Orokawe Dam for de Baynes Mountains insyd," wey dey outline de fierce objections against de dam from de traditional Himba chiefs den communities dat reside near de Kunene River.[5][6][7]

For September 2012 insyd, de United Nations special rapporteur for de Rights of Indigenous Peoples top visit de Himba, den hear demma concerns.

For November 23, 2012 top, hundreds of Himba den Zemba from Omuhonga den Epupa region protest for Okanguati insyd against Namibia ein plans to construct a dam for de Kunene River insyd for de Baynes Mountains insyd, against increasing mining operations for demma traditional land top den human rights violations against dem.[8]

For March 25, 2013 top, ova a thousand Himba den Zemba pippoe march for Opuwo insyd[9] to protest once more against Namibia ein plans to build de Orokawe dam for de Cunene River insyd without dey consult plus de indigenous pippoe dat no consent to de construction plans.[10]

Attraction

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Tourists frequent campsites anaa lodges at Epupa, wey dey offer water sports for de river top, wey dey include rafting den canoeing.[11] Ancient baobab trees dey grow alongside de gorge, den der be an attractive den well-kept viewpoint high above de village den falls.

References

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  1. ↑ "Cunene". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  2. ↑ "Cunene" (US) and "Cunene". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-03-22.
  3. ↑ "Cunene". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kunene". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 946–947.
  5. ↑ "Indigenous Himba Appeal to UN to Fight Namibian Dam". galdu.org. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
  6. ↑ "Namibian Minority Groups Demand Their Rights". newsodrome.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
  7. ↑ "Declaration of the most affected Ovahimba, Ovatwa, Ovatjimba and Ovazemba against the Orokawe Dam in the Baynes Mountains". earthpeoples.org. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
  8. ↑ "Namibia: Indigenous semi-nomadic Himba and Zemba march in protest against dam, mining and human rights violations". earthpeoples.org. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved November 24, 2012.
  9. ↑ "German GIZ directly engaged with dispossessing indigenous peoples of their lands and territories in Namibia". earthpeoples.org. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Himba, Zemba reiterate 'no' to Baynes dam". Catherine Sasman for The Namibian. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
  11. ↑ "KaokoHimba Safaris Namibia - Kaokoland, Epupa Falls Campsite, Himba People, Tours - Epupa Falls". Archived from the original on April 22, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013.

Sources

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  • C. Michael Hogan (2012). "Kunene River". In P. Saundry; C. Cleveland (eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC.: National Council for Science and the Environment.
  • F. C. de Moor; H. M. Barber-James; A. D. Harrison; C. R. Lugo-Ortiz (2000). "The macroinvertebrates of the Cunene River from the Ruacana Falls to the river mouth and assessment of the conservation status of the river". African Journal of Aquatic Science. 25 (1).
  • Nakayama, Mikiyasu (2003). International Waters in Southern Africa. United Nations University Press. ISBN 92-808-1077-4. Google eBook.
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