Cyanide poisoning
| Subclass of | poisoning, cause of death  |
|---|---|
| Has cause | cyanide |
| Health specialty | emergency medicine |
| Symptoms and signs | convulsion |
| Drug or therapy used for treatment | sodium thiosulfate |
| ICD-9-CM | 989.0 |
Cyanide poisoning be poisoning wey dey result from exposure to any of a number of forms of cyanide.[1] Early symptoms dey include headache, dizziness, fast heart rate, shortness of breath, den vomiting.[2] Dis phase then fi be followed by seizures, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness, den cardiac arrest.[2] Onset of symptoms usually dey occur within a few minutes.[2][3] Sam survivors get long-term neurological problems.[2]
Toxic cyanide-containing compounds dey include hydrogen cyanide gas den cyanide salts, such as potassium cyanide.[2] Poisoning relatively be common dey follow breathing in smoke from a house fire.[2] Oda potential routes of exposure dey include workplaces involved insyd metal polishing, certain insecticides, de medication sodium nitroprusside, den certain seeds such as those of apples den apricots.[3][4][5] Liquid forms of cyanide fi be absorbed thru de skin.[6] Cyanide ions interfere plus cellular respiration, wey dey result in de body ein tissues be unable to use oxygen.[2]
Diagnosis often be difficult.[2] E fi be suspected insyd a person following a house fire wey na e get a decreased level of consciousness, low blood pressure, anaa high lactic acid.[2] Blood levels of cyanide fi be measured buh take time.[2] Levels of 0.5–1 mg/L be mild, 1–2 mg/L be moderate, 2–3 mg/L be severe, den greater dan 3 mg/L generally result in death.[2]
If exposure be suspected, dem for remove de person from de source of de exposure den decontaminated.[3] Treatment dey involve supportive care den giving de person 100% oxygen.[2][3] Hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a) dey appear to be useful as an antidote wey be generally first-line.[2][7] Dem sanso fi give sodium thiosulfate.[2] Historically, na dem dey use cyanide for mass suicide wey na dem use am for genocide by de Nazis.[3][8]
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary (32 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2011. p. 1481. ISBN 978-1-4557-0985-4. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Anseeuw, K; Delvau, N; Burillo-Putze, G; De Iaco, F; Geldner, G; Holmström, P; Lambert, Y; Sabbe, M (February 2013). "Cyanide poisoning by fire smoke inhalation: a European expert consensus". European Journal of Emergency Medicine. 20 (1): 2–9. doi:10.1097/mej.0b013e328357170b. PMID 22828651. S2CID 29844296.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Hamel, J (February 2011). "A review of acute cyanide poisoning with a treatment update". Critical Care Nurse. 31 (1): 72–81, quiz 82. doi:10.4037/ccn2011799. PMID 21285466.
- ↑ Hevesi, Dennis (26 March 1993). "Imported Bitter Apricot Pits Recalled as Cyanide Hazard". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
- ↑ "Sodium Nitroprusside". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ↑ "Hydrogen Cyanide – Emergency Department/Hospital Management". CHEMM. 14 January 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
- ↑ Thompson, JP; Marrs, TC (December 2012). "Hydroxocobalamin in cyanide poisoning". Clinical Toxicology. 50 (10): 875–885. doi:10.3109/15563650.2012.742197. PMID 23163594. S2CID 25249847.
- ↑ Longerich 2010, pp. 281–282.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Longerich, Peter (2010). Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5.
- Hayes, Peter (2004). From Cooperation to Complicity: Degussa in the Third Reich. Cambridge; New York; Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78227-2.
- Piper, Franciszek (1994). "Gas Chambers and Crematoria". In Gutman, Yisrael; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.). Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 157–182. ISBN 978-0-253-32684-3.