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Diphenhydramine

From Wikipedia
diphenhydramine
type of chemical entity
Subclass ofchemical compound Edit
Get useMedication Edit
Stylized namediphenhydrAMINE Edit
Chemical formulaC₁₇H₂₁NO Edit
Canonical SMILESCN(C)CCOC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2 Edit
World Health Organisation international non-proprietary namediphenhydramine Edit
Side effecttachycardia, mydriasis, urinary retention, constipation, xerostomia Edit
Medical condition treatedurticaria, motion sickness, anxiety disorder, insomnia Edit
Physically dey interact plusHistamine receptor H1 Edit
Pregnancy categoryAustralian pregnancy category A, US pregnancy category B Edit
LiverTox likelihood scoreLiverTox toxicity likelihood category E Edit
Get characteristicbitterness Edit

Diphenhydramine, dem sell under de brand name Benadryl among odas, be an antihistamine den sedative. Although dem generally consider am sedating, diphenhydramine fi cause paradoxical central nervous system stimulation insyd sam individuals, particularly at higher doses. Dis fi manifest as agitation, anxiety, anaa restlessness rather dan sedation.[1][2] E be a first-generation H1-antihistamine wey e dey work by blocking certain effects of histamine, wich dey produce ein antihistamine den sedative effects.[3][4] Diphenhydramine sanso be a potent anticholinergic.[5] Dem mainly dey use am to treat allergies, insomnia, den symptoms of de common cold. E sanso be less commonly used for tremors insyd parkinsonism, den nausea.[3] Dem dey take am by mouth, injected into a vein, injected into a muscle, anaa applied to de skin.[3] Maximal effect typically be around two hours after a dose, wey effects fi last for up to seven hours.[3]

Common side effects dey include sleepiness, poor coordination, den an upset stomach.[3] Der be no clear risk of harm wen dem use during pregnancy; however, ein use during breastfeeding no be recommended.[6]

Na e be developed by George Rieveschl wey dem put into commercial use insyd 1946.[7][8] E be available as a generic medication.[3] Insyd 2023, na e be de 294th most commonly prescribed medication insyd de United States, plus more dan 700,000 prescriptions.[9][10]

Ein sedative den deliriant effects lead to sam cases of recreational use.[4][11]

References

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  1. ↑ "Benadryl Drug Facts Label" (PDF). FDA.gov. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
  2. ↑ Rickels, Karl (1992). "Diphenhydramine-induced paradoxical excitation". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 12 (3): 222–223. doi:10.1097/00004714-199206000-00013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 6 September 2016. Archived from the original on 15 September 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  4. 1 2 Saran JS, Barbano RL, Schult R, Wiegand TJ, Selioutski O (October 2017). "Chronic diphenhydramine abuse and withdrawal: A diagnostic challenge". Neurology. Clinical Practice. 7 (5): 439–441. doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000304. PMC 5874453. PMID 29620065.
  5. ↑ Ayd FJ (2000). Lexicon of Psychiatry, Neurology, and the Neurosciences. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-7817-2468-5. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
  6. ↑ "Diphenhydramine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  7. ↑ Dörwald FZ (2013). Lead Optimization for Medicinal Chemists: Pharmacokinetic Properties of Functional Groups and Organic Compounds. John Wiley & Sons. p. 225. ISBN 978-3-527-64565-7. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016.
  8. ↑ "Benadryl". Ohio History Central. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  9. ↑ Dörwald FZ (2013). Lead Optimization for Medicinal Chemists: Pharmacokinetic Properties of Functional Groups and Organic Compounds. John Wiley & Sons. p. 225. ISBN 978-3-527-64565-7. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016.
  10. ↑ "Benadryl". Ohio History Central. Archived from the original on 17 October 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  11. ↑ Saran JS, Barbano RL, Schult R, Wiegand TJ, Selioutski O (October 2017). "Chronic diphenhydramine abuse and withdrawal: A diagnostic challenge". Neurology. Clinical Practice. 7 (5): 439–441. doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000304. PMC 5874453. PMID 29620065.

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