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Dracunculiasis

From Wikipedia
dracunculiasis
infectious disease, class of disease
Subclass ofnematode infection, parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease, filariasis, neglected tropical disease, disease Edit
Ein locationhuman leg Edit
Has causeDracunculus medinensis Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases, helminthology, tropical medicine Edit
Drug or therapy used for treatmentthiabendazole Edit
Disease transmission processwater pollution Edit
ICD-9-CM125.7 Edit

Dracunculiasis, dem sanso call Guinea-worm disease, be a parasitic infection by de Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis). A person cam be infected by drinking water dem contaminate plus Guinea-worm larvae wey dey reside insyd copepods (a type of small crustacean). Stomach acid dey digest de copepod den dey release de Guinea worm larva, wich dey penetrate de digestive tract den dey escape into de body. Around a year later, de adult female worm dey migrate to an exit site – usually de lower leg – den dey induce an intensely painful blister on de skin. Eventually, de blister bursts, wey dey create a painful wound from wich de worm gradually dey emerge over several weeks. De wound remain painful thru out de worm ein emergence, wey dey disable de affected person for de three to ten weeks e dey take de worm to emerge. De female worm release larvae wen de host submerge de wound insyd water in attempts to relieve de pain, thus dey continue de life cycle.

Der be no medication to treat anaa prevent dracunculiasis. Instead, de mainstay of treatment be de careful wrapping of de emerging worm around a small stick anaa gauze to encourage den speed up ein exit. Each day, a few more centimeters of de worm emerge, den de stick be turned to maintain gentle tension. Too much tension fi break den kill de worm insyd de wound, wey dey cause severe pain den swelling. Dracunculiasis be a disease of extreme poverty, wey dey occur insyd places plus poor access to clean drinking water. Prevention efforts dey center on filtering drinking water to remove copepods as well as public education campaigns to discourage people from soaking affected limbs insyd sources of drinking water, as dis action dey allow de worms to spread dema larvae.

Accounts consistent plus dracunculiasis dey appear in surviving documents from physicians of Greco-Roman antiquity. Insyd de 19th den early 20th centuries, dracunculiasis be widespread across much of Africa den South Asia, wey dey affect as many as 48 million people per year. De effort to eradicate dracunculiasis begin insyd de 1980s dey follow de successful eradication of smallpox insyd 1977. By 1995, nearly every country plus endemic dracunculiasis establish a national eradication program. Insyd de ensuing years, dracunculiasis cases drop precipitously, wey dey fall below 100,000 cases per year insyd 1997, below 10,000 cases insyd 2007, below 1,000 cases insyd 2012, below 100 cases insyd 2015, den to 10 cases insyd 2025 per. Since 1986, 16 previously endemic countries eradicate dracunculiasis, wey dey leave de disease primarily endemic insyd three landlocked developing countries of central Africa – Chad, Ethiopia den South Sudan. Three additional countries remain to be certified as free of dracunculiasis transmission wey dem get no reported human cases since de end of 2023: Angola, Mali, den Sudan. One of dese, Sudan, be pre-certified buh no yet be confirmed free of transmissions. Additionally, although na Cameroon be certified free of internal transmission since 2007, e experience three cases since 2019 along ein border plus Chad. D. medinensis sanso fi infect dogs, cats, den baboons, though non-human cases sanso dey fall secof de eradication efforts. Oda Dracunculus species dey cause dracunculiasis insyd reptiles worldwide den insyd mammals insyd de Americas.

Insyd 2020, de World Health Organization set 2027 as ein target date for eradication of dracunculiasis. If de eradication program succeed, dracunculiasis be expected to cam be tde second human disease to be eradicated, after smallpox.

References

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