Drowning
| Subclass of | major trauma, asphyxia, hazard, drowning or non-fatal submersion  |
|---|---|
| Has cause | breathing |
| Has effect | death |
| Health specialty | emergency medicine |
Drowning be a type of suffocation induced by de submersion of de mouth den nose insyd a liquid. Submersion injury dey refer to both drowning den near-miss incidents. Most instances of fatal drowning dey occur alone anaa insyd situations wer odas present either be unaware of de victim ein situation anaa unable to offer assistance. After successful resuscitation, drowning victims fi experience breathing problems, confusion, anaa unconsciousness. Occasionally, victims no fi begin dey experience dese symptoms til several hours after dem be rescued. An incident of drowning sanso fi cause further complications give victims secof low body temperature, aspiration, anaa acute respiratory distress syndrome (respiratory failure from lung inflammation).
Drowning be more likely to happen wen spending extended periods near large bodies of water.[1][2] Risk factors for drowning dey include alcohol use, drug use, epilepsy, minimal swim training anaa a complete lack of training, den, insyd de case of kiddies, a lack of supervision.[2] Common drowning locations dey include natural den man-made bodies of water, bathtubs, den swimming pools.[3][4]
Drowning dey occur wen a person spend too much time plus dema nose den mouth submerge insyd a liquid to de point of dem be unable to breathe. If dis no be followed by an exit to de surface, low oxygen levels den excess carbon dioxide insyd de blood trigger a neurological state of breathing emergency, wich result in increased physical distress den occasional contractions of de vocal folds.[5] Wen significant amounts of water enter de lungs, e most often be later insyd de process, wen dem irrestistibly force an inhalation.[1][6]
While de word "drowning" commonly be associated plus fatal results, drowning fi be classified into three different types: drowning wey dey result in death, drowning wey dey result in long-lasting health problems, den drowning wey dey result in no health complications.[7] Sometimes de term "near-drowning" be used insyd de latter cases. Among kiddies wey survive, health problems occur insyd about 7.5% of cases.[4]
Steps to prevent drowning dey include teaching kiddies den adults to swim den to recognise unsafe water conditions, never swimming alone, use of personal flotation devices on boats den wen swimming insyd unfavourable conditions, limiting anaa removing access to water (such as plus fencing of swimming pools), den exercising appropriate supervision.[8][9] Treatment of victims wey no dey breath for begin plus opening de airway den dey provide five breaths of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.[4] Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) be recommended for a person wey ein heart stop dey beat wey e be underwater for less dan an hour.[4]
References
[edit | edit source]- 1 2 Handley, AJ (16 April 2014). "Drowning". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 348 g1734. doi:10.1136/bmj.g1734. PMID 24740929. S2CID 220103200.
- 1 2 "Drowning". WHO. 2020. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ↑ "Drowning – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manuals Professional Edition". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. September 2017. Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 Mott, TF; Latimer, KM (1 April 2016). "Prevention and Treatment of Drowning". American Family Physician. 93 (7): 576–582. PMID 27035042.
- ↑ North, Robert (December 2002). "The pathophysiology of drowning". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 32 (4). Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ↑ Dietrich, Graham (13 May 2025). "When Survival Instincts Betray Us: How the Body Drowns Itself". Swim Coaches & Teachers Australia. Retrieved 19 February 2026.
- ↑ van Beeck, EF; Branche, CM; Szpilman, D; Modell, JH; Bierens, JJ (November 2005). "A new definition of drowning: towards documentation and prevention of a global public health problem". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 83 (11): 853–6. PMC 2626470. PMID 16302042.
- ↑ "Drowning". WHO. 2020. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ↑ Preventing drowning: an implementation guide (PDF). WHO. 2015. p. 2. ISBN 978-92-4-151193-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Canadian Red Cross: Drowning Research: Drownings in Canada, 10 Years of Research **Module 2 – Ice & Cold Water Immersion
- The Psychological Effects of Almost Drowning
- Global Status Report on Drowning Prevention 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization. 13 December 2024. ISBN 978-92-4-010396-2.
