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Dysentery

From Wikipedia
Dysentery
Other namesBloody diarrhea
A person plus dysentery insyd a Burmese hospital, 1943
SpecialtyInfectious disease
SymptomsBloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever[1][2]
ComplicationsDehydration[3]
DurationLess dan a week[4]
CausesUsually Shigella anaa Entamoeba histolytica[1]
Risk factorsContamination of food den water plus feces secof poor sanitation[5]
PreventionHand washing, food safety[4]
TreatmentDrinking sufficient fluids, antibiotics (severe cases)[4]
FrequencyCommon insyd de developing world[6]
Deaths> million a year[6]

Dysentery be a type of gastroenteritis wey dey result insyd diarrhea plus blood.[1][7] Oda symptoms fi include fever, abdominal pain, den a feeling of incomplete defecation.[2][8] Complications fi include dehydration.[3]

De cause of dysentery be usually de bacteria Shigella, in wich case e be known as shigellosis, anaa de amoeba Entamoeba histolytica.[1] Oda causes fi include certain chemicals, oda bacteria, oda protozoa, anaa parasitic worms.[2] E fi be spread between people.[4] Risk factors dey include contamination of chow den water plus feces secof poor sanitation.[5] De underlying mechanism dey involve inflammation of de intestine, especially of de colon.[2]

Efforts make dem prevent dysentery dey include hand washing den food safety measures while traveling insyd areas of high risk.[4] While de condition generally dey resolve for ein own within a week, drinking sufficient fluids such as oral rehydration solution be important.[4] Antibiotics such as azithromycin anaa ciprofloxacin fi be used take treat severe cases anaa cases wey be associated plus travelling insyd de developing world.[8][9] While medications dem use take decrease diarrhea such as loperamide no be recommended for dema own, dem fi be used togeda plus antibiotics.[8][4]

Shigella dey result in about 165 million cases of diarrhea den 1.1 million deaths a year plus nearly all cases insyd de developing world.[6] Insyd areas plus poor sanitation nearly half of cases of diarrhea be secof Entamoeba histolytica.[5] Entamoeba histolytica dey affect millions of people den dey result insyd greater dan 55,000 deaths a year.[10] E commonly dey occur in less developed areas of Central den South America, Africa, den Asia.[10] Na Dysentery be described at least since de time of Hippocrates.[11]

Notable cases

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  • 580: Childesinda, son of Chilperic I, Frankish king, die of dysentery as a kiddie
  • 580: Austregilde, Frankish queen, die of dysentery.[12]
  • 685: Constantine IV, de Byzantine emperor, die of dysentery insyd September 685.
  • 1183: Henry the Young King die of dysentery for de castle of Martel on 11 June 1183.
  • 1216: John, King of England die of dysentery for Newark Castle on 19 October 1216.[13]
  • 1270: Louis IX of France die of dysentery insyd Tunis while he dey command ein troops for de Eighth Crusade on 25 August 1270.
  • 1307: na Edward I of England catch dysentery for ein way to de Scottish border wey he die insyd ein servants ein arms on 7 July 1307.
  • 1322: Philip V of France die of dysentery for de Abbey of Longchamp (site of de present hippodrome insyd de Bois de Boulogne) insyd Paris while he dey visit ein daughter, Blanche. He die on 3 January 1322.
  • 1376: Edward the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England den heir to de English throne. He die of apparent dysentery insyd June.
  • 1422: King Henry V of England die suddenly on 31 August 1422 for de Château de Vincennes, apparently from dysentery.[14]
  • 1536: Erasmus, Dutch renaissance humanist den theologian. At Basel.
  • 1596: Sir Francis Drake, vice admiral, die of dysentery on 28 January 1596 whilst he anchor off de coast of Portobelo.[15]
  • 1605: Akbar, ruler of de Mughal Empire of South Asia, die of dysentery.
  • 1675: Jacques Marquette die of dysentery.[16]
  • 1676: Nathaniel Bacon die of dysentery[17]
  • 1680: Shivaji, founder den ruler of de Maratha Empire of South Asia, die of dysentery on 3 April 1680.[18]
  • 1827: Queen Nandi kaBhebhe, (Shaka Zulu ein mommie) die of dysentery on 10 October 1827.[19]
  • 1873: De explorer David Livingstone die of dysentery on 1 May 1873.[20]
  • 1896: Phan Đình Phùng, a Vietnamese revolutionary wey lead rebel armies against French colonial forces insyd Vietnam, die of dysentery as na de French surround ein forces on 21 January 1896.[21]
  • 1910: Luo Yixiu, first wifey of Mao Zedong, die of dysentery on 11 February 1910. Na she be 20 years old.
  • 1930: De French explorer den writer Michel Vieuchange die of dysentery insyd Agadir on 30 November 1930.[22][23]
  • 1942: De Selarang Barracks incident insyd de summer of 1942 during World War II involve de forced crowding of 17,000 Anglo-Australian prisoners-of-war (POWs).[24]

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Dysentery". who.int. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Dorlands Medical Dictionary:dysentery". web.archive.org. 4 October 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "WHO EMRO | Dysentery | Health topics". www.emro.who.int. Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 "Dysentery". nhs.uk (in English). 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Marie, C; Petri WA, Jr (30 August 2013). "Amoebic dysentery". BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2013. PMC 3758071. PMID 23991750.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Dysentery (Shigellosis)" (PDF). WHO. November 2016. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  7. ↑ "Controlling the Spread of Infections|Health and Safety Concerns". www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Tribble, DR (September 2017). "Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Watery Diarrhea and Dysentery". Military Medicine. 182 (S2): 17–25. doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-17-00068. PMC 5650106. PMID 28885920.
  9. ↑ The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book (in English). 9 December 2022. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Shirley, DT; Farr, L; Watanabe, K; Moonah, S (July 2018). "A Review of the Global Burden, New Diagnostics, and Current Therapeutics for Amebiasis". Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 5 (7): ofy161. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy161. PMC 6055529. PMID 30046644.
  11. ↑ Grove, David (2013). Tapeworms, Lice, and Prions: A compendium of unpleasant infections (in English). OUP Oxford. p. PT517. ISBN 9780191653452. Archived from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  12. ↑ Gregory of Tours. A History of the Franks, Pantianos Classics, 1916
  13. ↑ Warren WL (1991). King John. London: Methuen. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-413-45520-8.
  14. ↑ "BBC – History – Henry V". bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  15. ↑ "BBC – History – Sir Francis Drake". bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  16. ↑ Engels A. "Louis Jolliet (1645-1700) and Jacques Marquette (1637-1675)". Discoverers Web. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013.
  17. ↑ Foner E (2012). Give Me Liberty! An American History (brief ed.). New York; London: W. W. Norton and Company. ISBN 9780393920321.
  18. ↑ Sarkar J (1920) [1919]. Shivaji and His Times (Second ed.). London: Longmans, Green and Co.
  19. ↑ Morris DR (1998). The washing of the spears : a history of the rise of the Zulu nation under Shaka and its fall in the Zulu War of 1879 (1st ed.). New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80866-1.
  20. ↑ Livingstone D (1874). Waller H (ed.). The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death: Continued by a Narrative of His Last Moments and Sufferings, Obtained from His Faithful Servants Chuma and Susi; in Two Volumes. J. Murray.
  21. ↑ Marr DG (1970). Vietnamese anticolonialism, 1885–1925. Berkeley, California: University of California. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-520-01813-6.
  22. ↑ de Meaux A (2004). L'ultime désert: vie et mort de Michel Vieuchange (in French). Paris: Phébus. pp. 29, 245–249 & 253. ISBN 978-2-85940-997-5.
  23. ↑ Vieuchange M (1988) [1932]. Smara: The Forbidden City. Fletcher Allen, Edgar (translation); Vieuchange, Jean (editor; introduction, notes, postscript); Claudel, Paul (preface). (Reprint ed.). New York: Ecco. ISBN 978-0-88001-146-4.
  24. ↑ Thompson P (2005). The Battle For Singapore—The True Story of the Greatest Catastrophe of World War II. United Kingdom: Portraits Books. pp. 389–390. ISBN 978-0-7499-5085-9.

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